Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of participants from the Da Qing Diabetes Study and the validation data set
| Discovery group | Validation group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGT_non-CVD group (N = 60) | DM_non-CVD group (N = 60) | DM_CVD group (N = 60) | DM_non-CVD group (N = 212) | DM_CVD group (n = 123) | |
| Age, years | 61.6 ± 9.0† | 65.5 ± 6.8 | 67.6 ± 7.0 | 71.7 ± 6.7 | 73.5 ± 6.4* |
| Male, N (%) | 36 (60.0) | 28 (46.7) | 33 (55.0) | 80 (36.2) | 55 (44.7) |
| Smoking, N (%) | 20 (33.3) | 17 (28.3) | 19 (31.7) | 61 (28.8) | 47 (38.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.7 | 25.1 ± 3.5 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.8 ± 16.6† | 150.7 ± 20.6 | 152.2 ± 24.8 | 148.6 ± 21.0 | 151.5 ± 22.8 |
| DBP, mmHg | 82.5 ± 9.5 | 78.3 ± 10.1 | 80.2 ± 10.5 | 75.5 ± 10.4 | 77.6 ± 10.0 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 43.2 ± 11.5 (6.2 ± 1.1)† | 63.9 ± 3.8 (8.0 ± 1.8) | 66.1 ± 6.0 (8.2 ± 1.6) | 62.4 ± 17.8 (7.9 ± 1.6) | 67.1 ± 18.3 (8.3 ± 1.7)* |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.9 ± 1.4† | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 9.4 ± 3.7 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | 8.5 ± 3.3* |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 1.0* | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 1.5 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 0.8† | 4.9 ± 1.0* | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 1.3 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.7* | 2.8 ± 0.8* | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.1 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. P values are for the comparison between the DM_CVD and NGT_non-CVD groups and DM_CVD and DM_non-CVD groups.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-c, HDL cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
*
P < 0.05.
†
P < 0.001.