Table 1.
Demographics of the TEDDY cohort diagnosed with type 1 diabetes as of 31 July 2020
| Type 1 diabetes | P * | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 8,123) | Age 0–4 years (n = 142) | Age 5–9 years (n = 151) | Age 10–14 years (n = 86) | ||
| Female sex | 4,017 (49.5) | 70 (49.3) | 68 (45.0) | 36 (41.9) | 0.53 |
| FDR | 797 (9.81) | 48 (33.8) | 34 (22.5) | 21 (24.4) | 0.08 |
| Family member with T1D at screening | 0.06 | ||||
| Mother | 308 (3.8) | 10 (7.0) | 6 (4.0) | 9 (10.5) | |
| Father | 394 (4.9) | 28 (19.1) | 16 (10.6) | 7 (8.1) | |
| Sibling | 95 (1.2) | 10 (7.0) | 12 (7.9) | 5 (5.8) | |
| N by site† | 0.021 | ||||
| Colorado | 1,272 (15.7) | 20 (14.1) | 28 (18.5) | 20 (23.3) | |
| Georgia/Florida | 908 (11.2) | 8 (5.6) | 16 (10.6) | 8 (9.3) | |
| Washington | 1,299 (16.0) | 14 (9.9) | 15 (9.9) | 8 (9.3) | |
| Finland | 1,703 (21.0) | 44 (31.0) | 35 (23.2) | 22 (25.6) | |
| Germany | 535 (6.6) | 25 (17.6) | 9 (6.0) | 5 (5.8) | |
| Sweden | 2,397 (29.5) | 31 (21.8) | 48 (31.8) | 23 (26.7) | |
| HLA | <0.0001 | ||||
| DR3/4 | 3,108 (38.3) | 78 (54.9) | 84 (55.6) | 48 (55.8) | |
| DR4/4 | 1,592 (19.6) | 16 (11.3) | 36 (23.8) | 17 (19.8) | |
| DR4/8 | 1,420 (17.5) | 18 (12.7) | 18 (11.9) | 12 (13.9) | |
| DR3/3 | 1,749 (21.5) | 17 (12.0) | 10 (6.6) | 6 (7.0) | |
| FDR specific‡ | 254 (3.1) | 13 (9.1) | 3 (2.0) | 3 (3.5) | |
| N of autoantibodies at diagnosis or last clinical visit | 0.0002 | ||||
| 0 | 7,613 (93.7) | 15 (10.6) | 16 (10.6) | 10 (11.6) | |
| 1 | 289 (3.6) | 17 (12.0) | 8 (5.3) | 5 (5.8) | |
| 2 | 77 (0.95) | 37 (26.1) | 16 (10.6) | 15 (17.4) | |
| 3 | 67 (0.82) | 42 (29.6) | 40 (26.5) | 18 (20.9) | |
| 4 | 77 (0.95) | 31 (21.8) | 71 (47.0) | 38 (44.2) | |
| DKA at diagnosis | 13 (9.2) | 4 (2.6) | 6 (7.0) | 0.06 | |
| Symptoms at diagnosis | |||||
| Symptomatic (yes) | 92(64.8) | 73(48.3) | 42(48.8) | 0.017 | |
| Polydipsia (yes) | 71(59.2) | 57(50.9) | 30(53.6) | 0.41 | |
| Polyphagia (yes) | 4(3.3) | 10(9.0) | 2(3.6) | 0.44 | |
| Polyuria (yes) | 75(62.5) | 61(54.5) | 37(66.1) | 0.020 | |
| Hospitalized (yes) | 112(78.9) | 107(70.9) | 50(58.1) | 0.005 | |
| N reporting weight loss | 31 | 28 | 18 | 0.0006 | |
| Median (IQR) | 0.80 (0.40–1.40) | 1.33 (0.89–2.39) | 2.00 (0.90–3.00) | ||
| Median (IQR) age at diagnosis, years | 2.79 (1.79–4.08) | 7.77 (6.43–8.92) | 11.51 (10.73–12.56) | <0.0001 | |
| Enrollment status at diagnosis | 0.048 | ||||
| Regular visits/on study | 127 (89.4) | 123 (81.5) | 65 (75.6) | ||
| LTFU/WD | 15 (10.6) | 28 (18.5) | 21 (24.4) | ||
T1D, type 1 diabetes.
*
P value of comparison for each characteristic among children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 5, between 5 and 9, and between 10 and 14 years of age.
†
Seven children are followed in the U.S. at auxiliary sites located at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center.
‡
FDR-specific HLA DR-DQ genotypes (DR4/1, DR4/9, DR4/13, DR3/9, DR4/4-DQB1*20×, and DR4/4-DQB1*304).