Table 2.

Characteristics of the 23 DKA cases at diabetes diagnosis in TEDDY

	Age at diagnosis of T1D, years	Age at last clinical visit, years	Clinic	HLA	Race and ethnicity	Age at seroconversion, years	First appearing AAb	N of AAbs confirmed and persistent at seroconversion (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)	N of AAbs confirmed and persistent at diagnosis (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)	Enrolled or WD or LTFU (WD)	DKA severity (mild/moderate, severe, or unknown)	Polydipsia	Polyphagia	Polyuria
1	0.69	0.69	Finland	DR3/4	Non-Hispanic White	0.50	None	0	0*	E	Severe	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
2	0.87	0.87	WA	DR4/8	Non-Hispanic White	0.81	GADAs, IAAs	2	2	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
3	0.90	0.90	Sweden	DR3/4	Unknown	0.54	IAAs	1	1	E	Severe	Yes	Unknown	Yes
4	0.97	0.97	Sweden	DR3/4	Unknown	0.76	GADAs, IAAs	2	2	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
5	1.22	1.22	CO	DR4/8	Hispanic	1.22	IAAs	1	1	E	Severe	Yes	No	Yes
6	1.43	1.43	CO	DR3/4	Hispanic	1.29	IAAs	1	1	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
7	2.32	2.32	Finland	DR3/4	Non-Hispanic White	1.85	GADAs, IAAs	2	3	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
8	2.47	2.47	Germany	DR3/4	Non-Hispanic White	1.01	GADAs, IAAs	2	2	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
9	2.67	0.28	WA	DR3/4	Unknown	0.28	None	0	0	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	Unknown	Yes
10	3.07	1.75	WA	DR3/4	Hispanic	1.10	None	0	0	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	Unknown	Yes
11	3.38	3.38	WA	DR4/4	Non-Hispanic White	2.53	None	0	0	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	Yes	Yes
12	3.92	1.42	WA	DR3/4	African American	1.38	None	0	0	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
13	4.99	4.99	Germany	DR3/3	Non-Hispanic White	1.54	GADAs	1	4	E	Mild/moderate	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
14	8.74	8.74	Germany	DR4/4	Non-Hispanic White	8.74	IA-2As, IAAs	2	2	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
15	8.92	8.92	CO	DR3/4	Hispanic	0.25	None	0	0	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	Yes	Yes
16	9.20	9.20	CO	DR4/4	Hispanic	0.27	None	0	0	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
17	9.86	9.86	CO	DR3/4	Hispanic	6.46	GADAs	1	1	E	Severe	Yes	No	Yes
18	10.30	3.11	FL/GA	DR3/4	Non-Hispanic White	2.74	None	0	0	WD	Severe	Yes	Unknown	Yes
19	10.61	10.61	CO	DR3/4	Hispanic	6.24	GADAs, ZnT8As	2	4	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
20	10.87	10.87	Finland	DR3/4	Non-Hispanic White	10.87	GADAs, IA-2As	2	2	E	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes
21	11.31	11.31	WA	DR4/8	Other	11.31	IAAs	1	1	E†	Severe	Yes	No	Yes
22	11.33	11.33	Sweden	DR4/4	Unknown	0.75	IAAs	1	4	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	Unknown	Yes
23	13.54	5.09	WA	DR4/8	Non-Hispanic White	4.72	None	0	0*	WD	Mild/moderate	Yes	No	Yes

AAb, autoantibody; E, enrolled; T1D, type 1 diabetes; ZnT8A, Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody.

^*Did not meet the TEDDY definition of persistent confirmed autoantibody positivity.

^†Participant WD from TEDDY then rejoined (enrolled) prior to T1D diagnosis.