Fig. 4.

Summary of the effects of broadband RF fields on the orientation behaviour of night-migratory songbirds. Black boxes indicate that a disruptive effect was reported, white boxes indicate no disruptive effect. The grey boxes in the summary row indicate the uncertainty in the lowest and highest frequencies known to cause disorientation. Note that the horizontal axis is logarithmic and that the data from the present study spans 10 MHz, similar to the previous studies. Based on these data, RF fields at least in the range from about 400 kHz to about 80 MHz seems to disrupt magnetic compass orientation in the night-migratory songbird species tested so far