Table 1.

Key questions and sub questions.

Key question	Sub questions
1. Equitable distribution Who is represented in my research, and why?	• Who (community members/user groups) is going to inform, influence, and be influenced by my research? • What needs, but also resources or strengths do they have that could be built off of? • How might my digital health project have the most value for them? • Are the community members/users with whom I am interacting representative of the population I wish to reach?
2. Equitable design How can I design digital tools for those with greater barriers to health technologies?	• What does my participants' access to current digital resources (devices, broadband/cellular data) look like? • What is their level of digital, reading, numeracy, and health literacy? • What kind of support, e.g., installing apps, using them daily, do they need to use digital interventions, and how often do they need it?
3. Privacy and data return What are my responsibilities in protecting and returning data to communities?	• Am I collecting no more data than necessary to answer the research question? • How can I help participants understand the benefits and dangers of participating in the research? • How will data sharing occur throughout the study? • How will I measure the success of my research as a researcher, and more importantly, for my population of interest?
4. Stereotypes and bias How might my research aggravate societal biases, sexism and racism?	• Am I using “empowering and inclusive” language and design in my app and research? Am I refraining from using terms that may unintentionally harm? • Do my research team and/or (community) partners consist of people from different backgrounds and with different lived experiences? Are everyone's voices heard? • Do I expect differences in outcomes based on participants intersecting identities (e.g., men, women, non-binary individuals, race/ethnicity) within or between groups? How will I analyze this?
5. Structural racism How can my research address societal injustices that prevent good health?	• To what extent do historical societal injustices affect my (potential) participants' health? • Can digital solutions address these injustices, and how? • Can I examine how these injustices (social determinants of health) affect the success of my interventions?