Table 2.
Test of local adaptation (Hypothesis 1; A) and role of DNA methylation in local adaptation (Hypothesis 2; B).
| Survival | Biomass | Herbivory damage | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| d.f. | F | P | d.f. | F | P | d.f. | F | P | |
| A | |||||||||
| Country (C) | 2 | 4.30 | <0.001 | 2 | 3.81 | 0.024 | 2 | 0.11 | 0.537 |
| Temperature (T) | 2 | 0.37 | 0.331 | 2 | 1.57 | 0.210 | 2 | 0.69 | 0.221 |
| Home/Away (H/A) | 1 | 0.00 | 0.950 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.483 | 1 | 0.36 | 0.145 |
| C × T | 4 | 0.22 | 0.419 | 4 | 1.84 | 0.125 | 4 | 0.66 | 0.298 |
| C × H/A | 2 | 6.78 | 0.293 | 2 | 1.56 | 0.212 | 2 | 0.22 | 0.716 |
| T × H/A | 2 | 25.10 | 0.081 | 2 | 12.48 | <0.001 | 2 | 4.31 | 0.848 |
| C × T × H/A | 4 | 1.04 | 0.004 | 4 | 3.08 | 0.016 | 4 | 1.70 | 0.089 |
| B | |||||||||
| 5-azaC | 1 | 1.04 | 0.271 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.605 | 1 | 5.81 | 0.005 |
| C × 5-azaC | 2 | 1.99 | <0.001 | 2 | 1.64 | 0.195 | 2 | 0.02 | 0.004 |
| T × 5-azaC | 2 | 0.83 | 0.255 | 2 | 1.36 | 0.258 | 2 | 0.33 | 0.694 |
| H/A × 5-azaC | 1 | 1.78 | 0.417 | 1 | 0.53 | 0.467 | 1 | 2.11 | 0.278 |
| C × T × 5-azaC | 4 | 0.25 | 0.557 | 4 | 1.48 | 0.207 | 4 | 0.99 | 0.139 |
| C × H/A × 5-azaC | 2 | 0.36 | 0.160 | 2 | 2.90 | 0.056 | 2 | 0.13 | 0.580 |
| T × H/A × 5-azaC | 2 | 2.44 | 0.064 | 2 | 6.44 | 0.002 | 2 | 1.31 | 0.086 |
| C × T × H/A × 5-azaC | 4 | 0.08 | 0.433 | 2 | 2.11 | 0.123 | 2 | 0.90 | 0.399 |
Effects of country (Country, C), temperature of origin (Temperature, T), home/away (Home/Away, H/A), 5-azaC treatment (5-azaC), and their interactions on plant survival, biomass, and herbivory damage. N = 730 (survival), N = 403 (biomass, herbivory damage). D.f.: degrees of freedom. Significant values (p ≤ 0.05) are shown in bold. Estimates of the effects can be found in (Supporting Information, Supplementary Table S3).