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. 2022 Apr;10(2):534–545. doi: 10.1177/21676968211058516

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© 2021 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — Change in Anxiety from T1 to T2 by Level of Pre-Pandemic Perceived Stress and Gender. Note. This figure represents the predicted change in PHQ-4 anxiety scores from T1 (pre-) to T2 (during-COVID-19) resulting from the analyzed moderation model (see Table 4). Data points represent the estimated change in anxiety at low, average, and high levels of T1 perceived stress (PSS) accounting for academic problems, loneliness, and positive perceptions at their means. At the PSS average, the estimated increase is represented by the constant (.28). Women’s scores reflect greater change from T1 to T2 due to the main effect of gender (.43). Low and high PSS scores represent one standard deviation from the mean. 95% confidence intervals are indicated with error bars.