Table 3.
Primary outcome | Mean (SE) Healthy | Mean (SE) Short | Cohen’s d | P, unadjusted | P, adjusted |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (kilocalories) | 1814.3 (59.8) | 1856.3 (59.3) | 0.06 | .401 | .403 |
Macronutrient properties | |||||
Fat (g) | 74.1 (2.7) | 72.8 (2.7) | 0.03 | .698 | .046 |
Carbohydrates (g) | 223.0 (8.1) | 238.6 (8.1) | 0.16 | .031 | .019 |
Protein (g) | 69.3 (2.7) | 68.0 (2.7) | 0.05 | .503 | .120 |
Added sugar (g) | 65.4 (4.2) | 74.0 (4.2) | 0.16 | .047 | .095 |
Glycemic load | 182.1 (6.9) | 197.2 (6.8) | 0.19 | .013 | .012 |
Food groupings (servings) | |||||
Low-calorie drinks | 4.2 (0.3) | 4.0 (0.3) | 0.06 | .549 | .619 |
Sweet drinks | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 0.29 | .023 | .034 |
Fruits/veggies | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.27 | .006 | .001 |
Meats/eggs | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | 0.14 | .214 | .167 |
Processed snacks | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) | 0.07 | .529 | .676 |
Fast food | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) | 0.08 | .556 | .692 |
Grains | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 0.09 | .420 | .373 |
Sweets/desserts | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 0.03 | .816 | .731 |
For macronutrient outcomes, adjusted analyses covaried for averaged kilocalories consumed and averaged moderate/vigorous physical activity within each experimental condition. For the energy (kilocalorie) outcome and food grouping outcomes, adjusted analyses covaried for the averaged moderate/vigorous physical activity within each experimental condition.