Fig. 1.

Structural model. Note. Pain severity, age, cancer stage, receipt of surgery and/or adjuvant treatment during a week before baseline assessment, functional status, and use of antidepressant and pain medication were included as covariates; paths not shown for simplicity. Standardized parameter estimates are shown. Dashed lines indicate non-significant paths; solid lines indicate significant paths; *p < .05; ***p < .001