Fig. 2.

Evaluation of the ADCY7 high-expressing OA subpopulation (a,b). ADCY7 expression in OA synovium. Red dashed lines divide the patients into high and low subpopulations according to their ADCY7 levels (10 non-OA, 22 early-stage OA and 11 advanced OA synovium were used) (c,d). Lipolysis of perisynovial adipose tissue as measured by toluidine blue staining (c) and levels of lipolytic products in synovial fluid (d, n ​= ​8, bar ​= ​100 ​μm) (e–g). Synovial inflammation assessed by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression (e, n ​= ​8), MMP-13 production (f) and M1 macrophage infiltration (g, n ​= ​8, bar ​= ​100 ​μm). (h). The cluster of MMP-13 high-expressing cells (marked by white arrowheads) on the cartilage surface (bar ​= ​100 ​μm). ∗p ​< ​0.05; ∗∗p ​< ​0.01; ∗∗∗p ​< ​0.001; ∗∗∗∗p ​< ​0.0001.