Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the current systematic review
| Author | Publication year | Country | Sample size | Study design | Type of surgery | Cases | Prevalence (%) | Anxiety measures (cut-off point) |
| Bedaso and Ayalew14 | 2019 | Ethiopia | 407 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 191 | 47 | STAI (≥44/80) |
| Takele et al15 | 2019 | Ethiopia | 237 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 132 | 56 | PITI-20 Item (≥16/60) |
| Woldegerima et al16 | 2018 | Ethiopia | 178 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 106 | 60 | STAI (≥44/80) |
| Mulugeta et al17 | 2018 | Ethiopia | 353 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 215 | 61 | STAI (>44/80) |
| Akinsulore et al38 | 2015 | Nigeria | 51 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 26 | 51 | STAI (>44/80) |
| Nigussie et al5 | 2014 | Ethiopia | 239 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 168 | 70.3 | STAI (≥44/80) |
| Ebirim and Tobin60 | 2010 | Nigeria | 125 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 43 | 34 | VAS (≥45/100) |
| Srahbzu et al18 | 2018 | Ethiopia | 423 | Cross-sectional | Orthopaedic surgery | 168 | 39.8 | HADS-A (≥18) |
| Ryamukuru52 | 2017 | Rwanda | 151 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 110 | 72.8 | PITI-20 Item (≥15/60) |
| Zammit et al53 | 2018 | Tunisia | 332 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 224 | 67.5 | APAI score (>10) |
| Dagona54 | 2018 | Nigeria | 30 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 16 | 53.3 | APAI-H (NA) |
| Matthias and Samarasekera64 | 2011 | Srilanka | 100 | Cross-sectional | Elective surgery | 77 | 77 | APAI score (≥11) |
| Carneiro et al55 | 2009 | Brazil | 96 | Cross-sectional | Cardiac surgery | 42 | 43.8 | HADS-A (≥9) |
| Ramesh et al63 | 2017 | India | 140 | Cross-sectional | Cardiac surgery | 118 | 84 | STAI (≥40/80) |
| Gonçalves et al56 | 2016 | Brazil | 106 | Cross-sectional | Cardiac surgery | 43 | 40.6 | BAI (NA) |
| Alves et al57 | 2007 | Brazil | 114 | Cross-sectional | Cosmetic surgery | 85 | 74.5 | STAI (>36/80) |
| Caumo et al58 | 2001 | Brazil | 591 | Cross-sectional | Elective surgery | 141 | 23.99 | STAI (≥39/80) |
| Jafar and Khan11 | 2009 | Pakistan | 300 | Cross-sectional | Elective surgery | 186 | 62 | STAI (NA) |
| Maheshwari and Ismail12 | 2015 | Pakistan | 154 | Cross-sectional | Elective CS | 112 | 72.7 | VAS (≥50) |
| Ali et al69 | 2013 | Turkey | 80 | Cross-sectional | Gall bladder surgery | 31 | 38.75 | BAI (>17/63) |
| Ya'akba and Vachkova71 | 2017 | Palestine | 320 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 184 | 57.5 | APAI score (>11) |
| Tajgna and Krishna62 | 2018 | India | 160 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 140 | 87.5 | DASS-21 (NA) |
| Xu et al72 | 2016 | China | 53 | Cross-sectional | Gastric cancer surgery | 11 | 20.75 | HADS-A (≥18) |
| Santos et al59 | 2014 | Brazil | 41 | Cross-sectional | Rectal surgery | 16 | 39 | BAI (≥10/63) |
| Khalili et al65 | 2019 | Iran | 231 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 109 | 47.2 | STAI (≥40/80) |
| Kanwal et al61 | 2018 | Pakistan | 363 | Cross-sectional | All surgery | 228 | 62.8 | VAS (≥45/100) |
| Tajgna et al62 | 2017 | India | 200 | Cross-sectional | Emergency CS | 110 | 55 | STAI (≥40/80) |
APAI, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CS, caesarean section; DASS-21, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PITI, Preoperative Intrusive Thought Inventory; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.