Table 1.
Basic characteristics of participants according to insomnia. China, 2017
| Variables | Total | Non-insomnia | Insomnia | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3240 | n = 2097 | n = 1143 | ||
| Plaque, n (%) | 1028 (31.7) | 644 (29.7) | 426 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Plaque score (mm), median (IQR) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.8) | 3.2 (1.9, 5.3) | 2.3 (1.6, 4.0) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.1 (8.1) | 46.1 (8.2) | 46.2 (7.9) | 0.627 |
| Sleep duration (h), mean (SD) | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.1) | 6.6 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| DASH score, mean (SD) | 21.4 (2.4) | 21.5 (2.4) | 21.3 (2.3) | 0.014 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/week), median (IQR) | 113.0 (79.6, 158.7) | 111.3 (77.6, 158.3) | 121.6 (83.3, 167.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.3 (3.3) | 25.4 (3.3) | 25.3 (3.3) | 0.530 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 130.3 (16.6) | 129.9 (16.3) | 131.2 (17.0) | 0.031 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 83.3 (10.6) | 83.1 (10.4) | 83.8 (10.9) | 0.078 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 6.2 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.4) | 0.510 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.0) | 0.271 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.6) | 0.753 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.155 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.9) | 0.183 |
| Age (years), n (%) | 0.398 | |||
| 23–29 | 155 (4.8) | 106 (5.1) | 49 (4.3) | |
| 30–39 | 532 (16.4) | 349 (16.6) | 183 (16.0) | |
| 40–49 | 1234 (38.1) | 778 (37.1) | 456 (39.9) | |
| 50–60 | 1319 (40.7) | 864 (41.2) | 455 (39.8) | |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.994 | |||
| Primary or Middle | 969 (29.9) | 627 (29.9) | 342 (29.9) | |
| High school or college | 1707 (52.7) | 1106 (52.7) | 601 (52.6) | |
| University and above | 564 (17.4) | 364 (17.4) | 200 (17.5) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.630 | |||
| Unmarried | 102 (3.2) | 69 (3.3) | 33 (2.9) | |
| Married | 3059 (94.4) | 1980 (94.4) | 1079 (94.4) | |
| Other | 79 (2.4) | 48 (2.3) | 31 (2.7) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.820 | |||
| Never/Ever | 1409 (43.5) | 915 (43.6) | 494 (43.2) | |
| Current | 1831 (56.5) | 1182 (56.4) | 649 (56.8) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | 0.122 | |||
| Never/Ever | 1890 (58.3) | 1244 (59.3) | 646 (56.5) | |
| Current | 1350 (41.7) | 853 (40.7) | 497 (43.5) | |
| DASH score, n (%) | 0.024 | |||
| <20 | 573 (17.7) | 346 (16.5) | 227 (19.9) | |
| 20–21 | 1083 (33.4) | 688 (32.8) | 395 (34.6) | |
| 22–23 | 1034 (31.9) | 691 (33.0) | 343 (30.0) | |
| ≥24 | 550 (17.0) | 372 (17.7) | 178 (15.6) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.290 | |||
| Low | 35 (1.1) | 27 (1.3) | 8 (0.7) | |
| Moderate | 226 (7.0) | 148 (7.1) | 78 (6.8) | |
| High | 2979 (91.9) | 1922 (91.6) | 1057 (92.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.762 | |||
| <25 | 1559 (48.1) | 1000 (47.7) | 559 (48.9) | |
| 25–30 | 1417 (43.7) | 927 (44.2) | 490 (42.9) | |
| ≥30 | 264 (8.2) | 170 (8.1) | 94 (8.2) | |
| Shift work, n (%) | 0.021 | |||
| Never/Ever | 1292 (39.9) | 867 (41.3) | 425 (37.2) | |
| Current | 1948 (60.1) | 1230 (58.7) | 718 (62.8) | |
| Sleep duration (hour), n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <6 | 399 (12.3) | 187 (8.9) | 212 (18.6) | |
| ≥6 | 2841 (87.7) | 1910 (91.1) | 931 (81.4) | |
| Snore, n (%) | 956 (29.5) | 575 (27.4) | 381 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Sleep drug, n (%) | 151 (4.7) | 68 (3.2) | 83 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1093 (33.7) | 692 (33.0) | 401 (35.1) | 0.231 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 465 (14.4) | 283 (13.5) | 182 (15.9) | 0.060 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1321 (40.8) | 866 (41.3) | 455 (39.8) | 0.410 |
Values are expressed as the mean (SD) or median (IQR) or number (%); p values were from Pearson’s χ 2 test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. DASH dietary approaches to stop hypertension, MET metabolic equivalent of task, BMI body mass index, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol