Table 1.

Comparison of baseline characteristics between the CF and ZF groups and the ZF subgroups (ZF subgroup adults—consisting of adult patients only; ZF subgroup paediatric—consisting of paediatric patients only)

	CF group	ZF group	ZF subgroup adults	ZF subgroup paediatric
Number of patients (n)	280	294	170	124
Underage patients (n, %)	0/280 (0.0)	124/294 (42.2)*	0/170 (0.0)	124/124 (100)*
Female (n, %)	121/280 (43.2)	145/294 (49.3)	76/170 (44.7)	69/124 (55.6)*
Age (years)	52.7 ± 16.5	30.9 ± 20.3*	44.1 ± 17.1	12.8 ± 3.61*
BMI (kg/m2)	27.0 ± 5.4	22.8 ± 5.7*	26.0 ± 5.4	19.4 ± 3.63*
AVNRT (n, %)	177/280 (63.2)	156/294 (53.1)*	96/170 (56.5)	60/124 (48.4)*
AVRT (n, %)	66/280 (23.6)	101/294 (34.4)	48/170 (28.2)	53/124 (42.7)
AT (n, %)	37/280 (13.2)	37/294 (12.6)	26/170 (15.3)	11/124 (8.9)
Multiple arrhythmias (n, %)	12/280 (4.2)	8/294 (2.7)	8/170 (4.7)	0/124 (0.0)*
AAD (n, %)	157/280 (56.1)	61/294 (20.7)*	41/170 (24.1)*	20/124 (16.1)*
amiodarone (n, %)	7/280 (2.5)	2/294 (0.7)	2/170 (1.2)	0/124 (0.0)
nonamiodarone (n, %)	152/280 (54.3)	58/294 (19.7)*	38/170 (22.4)*	20/124 (16.1)*
p valuea
	ZF group		ZF subgroup adults	ZF subgroup paediatric
Underage patients (n, %)	< 0.001		NA	< 0.001
Female (n, %)	0.143		0.757	0.021
Age (years)	< 0.001		0.758	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	< 0.001		0.052	< 0.001
AVNRT (n, %)	0.014		0.156	0.005
AVRT (n, %)	0.004		0.270	< 0.001
AT (n, %)	0.822		0.538	0.213
Multiple arrhythmias (n, %)	0.307		0.834	< 0.001
AAD (n, %)	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001
amiodarone (n, %)	0.078		0.328	0.075
nonamiodarone (n, %)	< 0.001		< 0.001	< 0.001

AAD—antiarrhythmic drug; AP—accessory pathway; AT—atrial tachycardia; AVNRT—atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia; AVRT—atrioventricular tachycardia; CF—conventional fluoroscopy-guided; ZF—zero-fluoroscopy

^*A statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05)

^aThe ZF group, ZF subgroup adults, and ZF subgroup paediatric were all compared with the CF group