Table 2.
QUADAS
| Study ID | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection | Index text | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index text | Reference standard | Score (0–7) | |
| Algin 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Anjum 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Asadollahi 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Bastawy 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Bembenek 2020 (full text not found) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | - |
| Billinger 2017 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Bintang 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Boyne 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Casas 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Chan 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Chang 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low | 5 |
| Chaturvedi 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Chen 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Cichon 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| de Morais 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Di Lazzaro 2007 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| El-Tamawy 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | 5 |
| Greisenegger 2015 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | High | 5 |
| Han 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Hassan 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Hsu 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Hidayat 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Hutanu 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Jimenez 2008 (full text in Spanish) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | - |
| Karakulova 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Kim 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| King 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Unclear | 4 |
| Koroleva 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Kotlega 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Kozak 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | 6 |
| Kozak 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Lasek-Bal 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Lasek-Bal 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Levchuk 2019 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | 5 |
| Li 2014 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Lopez-Cancio 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Lu 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Luo 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Mirowska-Guzel 2013 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | 6 |
| Mourao 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Niimi 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Ortega 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Pascotini 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Pedard 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | 5 |
| Prodjohardjono 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Qiao 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Rodier 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Roslavtceva 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Ryan 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | 5 |
| Santos 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Unclear | 4 |
| Siotto 2017 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | High | 5 |
| Silva Mariana 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Sobrino 2020 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Stanne 2016 | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear | 2 |
| Syafrita 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Wang 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Wang 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Wang 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Widodo 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Yang 2011 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Zhang 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 7 |
| Zhou 2011 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | 6 |