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BMP-2 can up-regulate PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial production and activity of MSCs. (A) The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II were detected at 0d, 7d, and 14d after osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. (B) The view of mitochondrial morphology in MSCs at 0d, 7d, and 14d was detected by confocal microscopy. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=3). Asterisks indicate signif-icant differences from the control (**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001) (scale bar, 20 µm).
