Exercise and AMPK activation in lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue. Exercise induces lipolysis, resulting in increased FA release as fuel for other tissues/organs as well as reesterification of FA into triacylglyceride. Reesterification is an ATP-consuming process resulting in increased AMPK activation and increased PGC-1α-promoted transcription of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial biogenesis. These metabolic changes lead to adipose browning. Abbreviations: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FA, fatty acid; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; Pi, inorganic phosphate; Thr, threonine.