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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2022 Feb 10;84:209–227. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060721-095517

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Exercise and AMPK activation in lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue. Exercise induces lipolysis, resulting in increased FA release as fuel for other tissues/organs as well as reesterification of FA into triacylglyceride. Reesterification is an ATP-consuming process resulting in increased AMPK activation and increased PGC-1α-promoted transcription of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial biogenesis. These metabolic changes lead to adipose browning. Abbreviations: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FA, fatty acid; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; Pi, inorganic phosphate; Thr, threonine.