TABLE 3.
Oxidative stress and muscle damage parameters measured before (BRET) and after (ARET) the running exercise test (RET) following melatonin (MEL) or placebo (PLA) ingestion.
| PLA | MEL | Effects | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRET | ARET | BRET | ARET | Condition | Exercise | Interaction | |
| MDA (µmol/l) | 1.55 ± 0.70 | 2.89 ± 0.77 a | 1.67 ± 0.77 | 2.22 ± 1.3 | F(1.12) = 1.82; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.13 | F(1.12) = 33.69; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.74 | F(1.12) = 4.97; p < 0.05; η2 p = 0.29 |
| AOPP (nmol/mg protein) | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | F(1.12) = 4.93; p < 0.05; η2 p = 0.29 | F(1,12) = 0.74; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.06 | F(1,12) = 0.26; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.02 |
| SOD (U/g) | 792.67 ± 35.26 | 724.18 ± 49 a | 772.06 ± 50.88 | 737.26 ± 43.77 a | F(1.12) = 0.04; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.00 | F(1.12) = 32.27; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.73 | F(1.12) = 5.05; p < 0.05; η2 p = 0.30 |
| GPx (mU/mg) | 85.21 ± 10.82 | 76.22 ± 8.57 a | 83.48 ± 7.41 | 81.14 ± 5.23 | F(1.12) = 0.71; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.06 | F(1.12) = 8.21; p < 0.05; η2 p = 0.41 | F(1.12) = 4.97; p < 0.05; η2 p = 0.29 |
| GR (nmol/mg protein) | 3.83 ± 1.33 | 3.47 ± 1.46 | 3.76 ± 1.13 | 3.43 ± 0.63 | F(1.12) = 0.02; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.00 | F(1.12) = 3.97; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.25 | F(1.12) = 0.01; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.00 |
| UA (µmol/L) | 297.59 ± 24.78 | 312.46 ± 27.81 a | 297.68 ± 34.44 | 307.99 ± 38.70 | F(1.12) = 0.11; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.01 | F(1.12) = 7.88; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.40 | F(1.12) = 0.58; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.05 |
| TBIL (µmol/L) | 11.62 ± 2.10 | 12.54 ± 2.03 a | 11.54 ± 3.64 | 11.92 ± 3.01 | F(1.12) = 0.37; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.003 | F(1.12) = 8.14; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.40 | F(1.12) = 1.95; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.14 |
| CK (IU/L) | 227.83 ± 99.61 | 310.25 ± 124.60a | 218.08 ± 130.30 | 249.75 ± 125.33b | F(1.12) = 0.74; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.06 | F(1.12) = 38.4; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.76 | F(1.12) = 6.49; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.35 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 179.06 ± 38.61 | 272.42 ± 51.42a | 202.25 ± 45.41 | 237.92 ± 62.72ab | F(1.12) = 0.68; p > 0.05; η2 p = 0.05 | F(1,12) = 81.18; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.87 | F(1,12) = 12.38; p < 0.001; η2 p = 0.5 |
MDA: malondialdehyde; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: reduced glutathione; UA: uric acid; TBIL: total bilirubin; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.
b
significant difference in comparison with values measured before the RET.
b
significant difference in comparison with values measured in PLA condition.