Stratified analysis by sex using logistic regression models in Shanghai Birth Cohort, Shanghai, China, recruited from 2013 to 2016. The solid line represents males, and the dashed line represents females. Lines with asterisk mean a for the comparison between males and females. A WQS index was created using all seven types of PFAS to reflect the mixture exposure level. All models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, prepregnancy BMI, fish and seafood intake during pregnancy, parity, and pregnancy eGFR. Numeric values are presented in Tables S8 and S9. Note: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HCZ, head-circumference-for-age z-score; for LAZ, length-for-age z-score; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHpA, perfluoroheptanoic acid; PFHxS, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; PFUA, perfluoroundecanoic acid; OR, odds ratio; WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; WLZ, weight-for-length z-score; WQS, weighted quantile sum.