TABLE 5.
Direct effects.
| Paths | H | O | M | SD | f-square | T-Statistic | P-value | Results | 
| RHOT → SP | H1 | 0.096 | 0.094 | 0.081 | 0.008 | 1.184 | 0.237 | Rejected | 
| RHOT → SD | H2 | 0.244 | 0.246 | 0.079 | 0.056 | 3.093 | 0.002** | Accepted | 
| RHPT → SD | H3 | 0.484 | 0.484 | 0.090 | 0.227 | 5.365 | 0.000*** | Accepted | 
| RHPT → SP | H4 | −0.168 | −0.164 | 0.082 | 0.017 | 2.050 | 0.041* | Accepted | 
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.05.
H, hypothesis; O, original sample; M, sample mean; SD, standard deviation; RHOT, rationalized knowledge hiding—online education; RHPT, rationalized knowledge hiding—physical education; SD, students’ disengagement; AP, students’ performance.