TABLE 1. Patient Demographics, Catheterization Profiles, and Satisfaction Scores.
| Parameters | Singapore (N = 143) | Philippines (N = 401) |
|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | ||
| Sex, % | ||
| Women | 72.7 | 58.9 |
| Men | 27.3 | 41.1 |
| Hospital type, % | ||
| Public | 100.0 | 40.1 |
| Private | 0 | 59.9 |
| Patient paying scheme, % | ||
| Self-paying | 62.1 | 75.3 |
| Subsidized | 37.9 | 24.7 |
| Age, % | ||
| 21–40 years | 47.6 | 36.4 |
| 41–65 years | 28.0 | 36.9 |
| >65 years | 24.5 | 26.7 |
| Catheterization profiles | ||
| Location of catheter insertion, % | ||
| Emergency room | 13.5 | 84.5 |
| Wards | 61.8 | 12.5 |
| Operating room | 14.8 | 2.2 |
| Others | 9.8 | 0.7 |
| Venous access attempts needed for successful catheterization, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 112 (78.3) | 288 (71.8) |
| 2–3 | 23 (16.1) | 87 (21.7) |
| 4–5 | 3 (2.1) | 8 (2.0) |
| >5 | 1 (0.7) | 15 (3.7) |
| Did not remember | 4 (2.8) | 3 (0.7) |
| Catheter insertions throughout patient hospital stay, % | ||
| 1 insertion | 70.4 | 83.8 |
| 2–5 insertions | 29.6 | 16.2 |
| Average duration of catheter dwell time throughout patient hospital stay, days | ||
| First insertion | 1.9 | 2.2 |
| Second insertion | 0.5 | 3.4 |
| Third insertion | 0.3 | 4.0 |
| Fourth insertion | 0.1 | 3.1 |
| Fifth insertion | 0.1 | 2.2 |
| Site of catheterization, % | ||
| Hand | 69.2 | 89.5 |
| Wrist | 20.3 | 5.2 |
| Upper arm | 8.4 | 4.7 |
| Leg | 2.1 | 0.2 |
| Foot | 0 | 0.2 |
| Patient satisfaction scores, mean a | ||
| Infection management | 4.44 | 4.23 |
| Competence of HCPs | 4.44 | 4.30 |
| Effectiveness of communication | 4.31 | 4.11 |
| Physical comfort | 4.21 | 4.06 |
| Pain management | 4.09 | 3.89 |
| Overall | 4.23 | 4.01 |
aPatients scored their level of satisfaction with aspects of these parameters on a Likert scale of 1–5, with 1 indicating very dissatisfied and 5 indicating very satisfied.
Abbreviation: HCPs, health care providers.