Table 1:
Peripapillary/circumpapillary/optic nerve head (ONH) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Vascular Biomarkers. OAG: open-angle glaucoma.
| Author (year) | Patients | OCTA Scan | Results | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jia et al. (2012) | 4 preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients 4 healthy subjects |
Whole disc | Whole disc flow index was reduced by 35% in the PPG group | P=0.040 |
| Whole disc vessel area was reduced by 34% in the PPG group | P=0.045 | |||
| Regional disc perfusion based the temporal ellipse of disc | Temporal ellipse of disc flow index was reduced by 57% in the PPG group | P=0.010 | ||
| Temporal ellipse of disc vessel density was reduced by 57% in the PPG group | P=0.013 | |||
| Jia et al. (2014) | 11 glaucoma patients 24 healthy subjects |
3 × 3 mm, using SSADA algorithm | Disc flow index was reduced by 25% in the glaucoma group | P=0.003 |
|
Lévêque et al. (2016)
|
50 glaucoma patients 30 normal subjects |
3 × 3 mm ONH | Total ONH vessel density was reduced by 24.7% in glaucoma group compared with control group | P<0.0001 |
| Temporal disc vessel density was significantly reduced by 22.88% in the glaucoma group compared to the control group. | P=0.001 | |||
| Liu et al. (2015) | 12 OAG 12 Healthy subjects |
3 × 3-mm ONH | Peripapillary flow density was significantly lower in glaucomatous eyes compared to control | P<.001 |
| Peripapillary vessel density was significantly lower in glaucomatous eyes compared to normal controls | P<.001 | |||
| Chen et al. (2016) | 42 OAG subjects 26 glaucoma suspect subjects 20 normal subjects |
OMAG, OCT-A 2.4 × 2.4 mm |
Eyes from OAG subjects and glaucoma suspects showed significantly lower blood flux index compared with normal eyes | P≤0.0015 |
| Chen et al. (2020) | 47 OAG 36 normal participants |
ONH 4.5 × 4.5 mm | OAG patients had significantly more areas of low perfusion in the peripapillary retina compared to normal controls | P<0.001 |
| Focal perfusion loss was greater in OAG patients than normal controls | P<0.001 | |||
| Chen et al. (2017) | 26 OAG 27 healthy subjects |
4.5 × 4.5 mm ONH 6.0 × 6.0 mm Macula |
In OAG whole image vessel density was significantly lower than healthy controls in the macular and peripapillary areas | P<0.001 |
| Circumpapillary vessel density was significantly decreased compared to controls | P<0.001 | |||
| Mammo et al. (2016) | 5 subjects with unilateral glaucoma 3 glaucoma suspect patients 9 normal subjects |
2 × 2 mm ONH | Vessel density in the radial peripapillary capillary network was significantly lower in glaucomatous eyes compared to matched regions in the non-affected eye, glaucoma suspect, and normal group | P<.001 for all groups |
| Kim et al. (2017) | 13 patients (unilateral perimetric normal tension glaucoma, fellow eye preperimetric normal tension glaucoma) 9 healthy controls |
4.5 × 4.5 mm ONH | Vessel density in the whole peripapillary region in eyes with perimetric glaucoma were significantly lower than preperimetric glaucomatous eyes | P=0.001 |
| Vessel density in the inferotemporal region in perimetric glaucoma eyes were significantly lower than preperimetric glaucomatous eyes | P<0.001 | |||
| Triolo et al. (2017) | 40 normal controls 40 glaucoma suspect 40 glaucoma |
6 × 6-mm Fovea, ONH | Average Peripapillary vessel perfusion density was significantly decreased in the glaucoma group | P≤0.001 |
| Peripapillary vessel perfusion density was decreased in the superior and inferior quadrants in the glaucoma group | P≤0.001 | |||
| Mansoori et al. (2017) | 24 OAG 52 normal subjects |
3.45 × 3.45 mm ONH using Bar-Selective Combination of Shifted Filter Responses (B-COSFIRE) | Radial peripapillary capillary density was decreased in the inferotemporal sector compared to normal controls | P=0.002 |
| Radial peripapillary capillary density was decreased in the superotemporal sector compared to normal controls | P=0.008 | |||
| Akil et al. (2017) | 20 mild OAG 20 pre-perimetric glaucoma 16 controls |
3 × 3 mm ONH using 1050 nm wavelength swept source OCT | Optic nerve head vessel density was significantly decreased in pre-perimetric glaucoma patients compared to controls | P=0.0002 |
| Peripapillary density was significantly decreased in pre-perimetric glaucoma patients compared controls | P=0.007 | |||
| Optic nerve head vessel density was significantly decreased in OAG glaucoma compared to pre-perimetric glaucoma patients | P=0.002 | |||
| Peripapillary vessel density was significantly decreased in OAG patients compared to pre-perimetric glaucoma patients | P=0.001 | |||
| Lu et al. (2020) | 41 normal 44 pre-perimetric OAG (PPG) 42 early perimetric OAG (EG) |
ONH 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm Radial peripapillary density measured using 750 μm wide elliptical annulus around disc |
Inferior-temporal radial peripapillary capillary vessel density was lower in the EG group compared to controls. | P<.05 |
| Yarmohammadi et al. (2016) | 23 healthy subjects 37 glaucoma suspect 104 OAG |
4.5 × 4.5-mm ONH | Circumpapillary vessel density was significantly lower in the OAG group compared to glaucoma suspect compared to healthy controls (55.1 vs. 60.3% vs. 64.2) | P<0.001 |
| Whole image capillary density was significantly lower in the OAG group compared to glaucoma suspect compared to healthy controls (46.2% vs. 51.3% vs. 56.6%) | P<0.001 | |||
| Yarmohammadi et al. (2016) | 31 healthy subjects 48 glaucoma suspect 74 glaucoma patients |
4.5 × 4.5 mm ONH | Whole image vessel density was highest in healthy subjects followed by glaucoma suspects, then mild glaucoma, lastly moderate to severe glaucoma (55.5% vs. 51.3% vs. 48.3% vs. 41.7%) | P<0.001 |
| 750-μm-wide elliptical annulus around the optic disc | Circumpapillary vessel density was highest in healthy controls and lowest in severe glaucomatous eyes (62.8% vs. 49.6%) | P<0.001 | ||
| Yarmohammadi et al. (2018) | 33 healthy subjects 33 OAG with a VF defect in one eye and normal VF in other eye |
4.5 × 4.5 mm RNFL 3 × 3 mm Fovea |
In OAG patients, whole image vessel density in the perimetrically unaffected eye (52.0%) was greater than in the perimetrically affected eye (48.8%) Whole image vessel density was greatest in normal subjects (55.9%) |
P<0.001 |
| Jesus et al. (2019) | 40 healthy subjects 82 glaucoma patients |
3 × 3 mm optic disc-centered | Significantly lower circumpapillary microvascular density in glaucoma group compared to healthy group | P<0.001 |