Figure 2.

Panel A. Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival demonstrating significantly improved outcomes among patients with <median residual hypercellular/hyperperfused tumor volumes versus ≥median 3 months post-chemoradiation. Panel B. At 3 months post-radiation, standard contrast-enhanced MRI in 2 different patients (left column) was interpreted as stable disease and the patients were continued on maintenance temozolomide. Persistent hyperperfused tumor (TV_CBV orange arrow, 2^nd column) and hypercellular tumor (TV_HCV red arrow, 3^rd column) is detectable medially using multiparametric MRI at this time point in patient 1. In contrast, patient 2 did not have persistent residual hyperperfused/hypercellular disease. Approximately six months later, both patients developed asymptomatic worsening of their contrast-enhanced MRI prompting resection. Patient 1 had pathologically confirmed tumor progression. Patient 2 had gliosis/inflammation without residual tumor. Gd=Gadolinium; CBV=Cerebral blood volume; DW-MRI=Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; RT=Radiation therapy