Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between type of intimate partner violence and abortion, adjusting for confounders among women in India responding to National Family Health Survey-4
| Variables | Unadjusted relative risk of SMA (95% CI)/no abortion | Adjusted relative risk of SMA (95% CI)/no abortion | Unadjusted relative risk of clinically managed abortion (95% CI)/no abortion | Adjusted relative risk of clinically managed abortion (95% CI)/no abortion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experience of IPV by type | ||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual | 2.8 (0.8–10.1) | 2.7 (0.7–10.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) |
| Physical | 1.6a (1.1–2.3) | 1.7a (1.1–2.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5a (1.2–2.0) |
| Both | 3.0a (1.9–4.7) | 3.0a (1.9–4.8) | 2.0a (1.3–3.3) | 2.6a (1.6–4.2) |
| Reproductive history | ||||
| Age at first birth (y) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.1a (1.1–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.1a (1.1–1.1) |
| Birth parity | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.5a (1.3–1.6) | 0.8a (0.7–0.9) | 1.2a (1.1–1.3) |
| Living son | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.6a (1.0–2.4) | 0.7a (0.5–0.9) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Age (y) | 0.9a (0.9–0.9) | 0.9a (0.9–0.9) | 0.9a (0.9–0.9) | 0.9a (0.9–0.9) |
| Caste | ||||
| SC/ST | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| OBC | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| Others | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.6a (1.07–2.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
| Completed education | ||||
| No education | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Primary | 1.9a (1.2–3.0) | 1.9a (1.1–3.0) | 1.5a (1.0–2.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) |
| Secondary | 2.0a (1.4–2.9) | 2.1a (1.3–3.5) | 2.1a (1.6–2.9) | 1.4a (1.0–1.9) |
| Higher | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 2.9a (1.9–4.5) | 1.8a (1.2–2.9) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| 1st (lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2nd | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.9a (1.2–3.1) | 2.0a (1.2–3.3) |
| 3rd | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 2.0a (1.3–3.0) | 2.0a (1.3–3.2) |
| 4th | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.8a (1.2–2.7) | 1.8a (1.1–2.9) |
| 5th (highest) | 0.5a (0.3–0.9) | 0.5a (0.3–1.0) | 1.7a (1.1–2.6) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Urban | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.6a (1.1–2.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Total number of women=3223.
CI, confidence interval; IPV, intimate partner violence; OBC, other backward class; Ref, reference; SC/ST, scheduled caste/scheduled tribe; SMA, self managed abortion.
a
p-value <0.05
Goemans. Intimate partner violence and self-managed abortion in India. Am J Obstet Gynceol Glob Rep 2021.