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. 2021 Jun 7;4:84. doi: 10.1038/s42004-021-00512-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A cartoon in panel a depicts the atomic transitions involved in K-edge absorption and 1s2p emission of Iron. The beamline configuration used for data collected is shown in panel b and shows how the beamline can switch between full bandwidth SASE and monochromatized SASE upstream of both spectrometers. Details of the SASE spectrometer and emission spectrometer are highlighted. The SASE spectrometer works by sampling a collimated beam using a silicon grating and then dispersing the spectral content of the beam onto a pixel array detector via a flat Si 220 analyzer crystal coupled to a reflective focusing optic. A von Hamos configuration is used for emission detection, wherein a single cylindrically bent crystal collects sample emission perpendicular to the beam, re-images, and energy disperses it onto a pixel array detector. Panel c depicts the model used for analysis. For each detected emission energy, a proposed absorption spectrum is weighed by the measured SASE spectrum and then sum reduced to form a proposed emission intensity.