Table 1.
Demographics and clinical information, characteristics of blood pressure, blood composition, and vessel function in participants.
| Mean ± S.D. |
Total (n = 400) |
Hypertensive group (n = 247) |
Normotensive group (n = 153) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.2 ± 8.2 | 72.2 ± 8.2 | 69.8 ± 8 | 0.01 | |
| Sex (n = female) | 179 | 105 | 74 | 0.84 | |
| BMI | 24.2 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 0.22 | |
| MMSE total score | 25.5 ± 4.8 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | 26.5 ± 4.1 | 0.006 | |
| TUG (s) | 13.9 ± 6.5 | 14.8 ± 7.2 | 12.4 ± 4.8 | 0.003 | |
| Smoking (n = smokers) | 49 | 27 | 22 | 0.87 | |
| Alcohol (n = alcoholic) | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0.19 | |
| Total score of ADL | 96.4 ± 10 | 95.8 ± 11.4 | 97.5 ± 7.1 | 0.22 | |
| PWV (m/s) | Left | 13.8 ± 4.4 | 14.5 ± 4.7 | 12.7 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Right | 13.5 ± 3.9 | 14.2 ± 4.2 | 12.3 ± 3.2 | <0.001 | |
| FMD (%) | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 0.03 | |
| Mean BP level | SBP | 133.6 ± 15.7 | 140.3 ± 15.6 | 122 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| DBP | 77.7 ± 9.9 | 78.2 ± 10.4 | 75.6 ± 8.8 | 0.001 | |
| BP variability (%) | SBP | 6 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 0.01 |
| DBP | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 0.02 | |
| BP complexity | SBP | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.004 |
| DBP | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.001 | |
| Duration of hypertension | 11.4 ± 8.3 | N.A | N.A | ||
| Anti-hypertensive medication (n) | CCB | 109 | N.A | N.A | |
| ACEI | 13 | N.A | N.A | ||
| ARB | 67 | N.A | N.A | ||
| BB | 56 | N.A | N.A | ||
| Diuretics | 20 | N.A | N.A | ||
| Number of medications | 1 | 81 | N.A | N.A | |
| 2 | 52 | N.A | N.A | ||
| 3 | 23 | N.A | N.A | ||
| 4 | 5 | N.A | N.A | ||
| 5 | 1 | N.A | N.A | ||
| HGB (g/L) | 130.6 ± 17.1 | 131.7 ± 18.5 | 130.4 ± 14.9 | 0.59 | |
| TP (g/L) | 66.8 ± 5.9 | 66.7 ± 6.6 | 66.9 ± 4.5 | 0.93 | |
| ALB (g/L) | 411.6 ± 3.9 | 41.5 ± 3.9 | 41.5 ± 3.8 | 0.72 | |
| Cr (umol/L) | 81.1 ± 27.9 | 85.2 ± 31.3 | 74.4 ± 19.6 | <0.001 | |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 2.3 | 6 ± 2.7 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 0.003 | |
| BUN/Cr ratio | 71.3 ± 18.7 | 70.7 ± 19.1 | 72.3 ± 18.2 | 0.43 | |
| UA (umol/L) | 348.3 ± 91.3 | 358 ± 93 | 331.1 ± 85.8 | 0.008 | |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 6.6 ± 2.8 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 0.001 | |
| CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.01 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.02 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.22 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 0.37 | |
BMI, body mass index; FMD, Flow mediated dilation; PWV, pulse wave velocity; HGB, hemoglobin; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; GLU, glucose; CHOL, cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride.