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| Parameters | Outdoor | Indoor | p |
| Vitamin D level (ng/mL) | 21.79 ± 6.31 | 16.67 ± 9.82 | 0.003 |
| Serum 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL (vitamin D sufficient) | 73 (57.03%) | 8 (19.05%) | |
| Serum 25(OH)D between 12 and 19.99 ng/mL (vitamin D insufficient) | 52 (40.63%) | 20 (47.62%) | |
| Serum 25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL (vitamin D deficient) | 3 (2.34%) | 14 (33.33%) |
