Table 2. Summary of therapeutic targets of CAR-T and CAR-Treg cells and established animal models for studies on autoimmune diseases.
| CAR | Disease | Target | Animal model | CAR reference |
| CAR-T: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell; CAR-Treg: Chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cell; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; MS: Multiple sclerosis; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; PV: Pemphigus; TNP: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol; TPCR: Tripartite chimeric receptor; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; AOM: Azoxymethane; MOG: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; EAE: Encephalomyelitis; MBP: Myelin basic protein; CFA: Freund’s adjuvant; PT: Pertussis toxin; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Dsg3: Desmosomal core glycoprotein-3; CAAR-T: Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells. | ||||
| Anti-CD19 CAR-T | SLE | CD19 | MRL/lpr mice | Kansal et al., 2019;
Jin et al., 2021 |
| NZB×NZW F1 mice | Kansal et al., 2019 | |||
| Insulin/IGPR-reactive CAR-T | T1D | Insulin/IGPR-reactive TCR | NOD mice | Fishman et al., 2017 |
| mAb287-CAR-T | T1D | I-Ag7-B:9-23 (R3) antigen complex | NOD mice | Zhang et al., 2019 |
| Insulin-specific CAR-Treg | T1D | Insulin | NOD mice | Tenspolde et al., 2019 |
| TNP-TPCR Treg | Colitis | TNP | Hapten-mediated colitis mice | Elinav et al., 2009 |
| CEA-CAR-Treg | Colitis and colorectal cancer | CEA | DSS-induced colitis mice,
AOM and DSS-induced colorectal cancer mice |
Blat et al., 2014 |
| CARαMOG-FoxP3-Treg | MS | MOG | Chronic EAE mice | Fransson et al., 2012 |
| MBP-CAR Treg and MOG-CAR Treg | MS | MBP and MOG | Chronic EAE mice | De Paula Pohl et al., 2020 |
| Anti-FITC CAR-T | RA | Antigenic FITC-peptide | Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice | Zhang et al., 2021 |
| Dsg3 CAAR-T | PV | Anti-Dsg3 surface immunoglobulin | Autoantigen-knockout mice
Passive transfer mice Skin graft mice |
Ellebrecht et al., 2016 |