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. 2022 Mar 1;13:813979. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813979

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Zhu, Wang, Dong, Yu, Su, Huang, Huo and Wan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Glucose promoted M1 polarization but inhibited M2 polarization of microglia. (A) The percentage of CD16/32⁺ M1 microglia gradually increased with glucose treatment from the concentration of 0 to 100 mM. (B) The percentage of CD206⁺ M2 microglia gradually decreased with glucose treatment from the concentration of 0 to 100 mM. (C) The secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α up-regulated with the increase of glucose concentration, and the secretion levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β down-regulated with the decrement of glucose concentration. Values are presented as the mean ± SD. ** indicates P < 0.01, and *** indicates P < 0.001.