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. 2021 Dec 7;49(4):1345–1359. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05641-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Pathways and imaging targets of apoptosis. The extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathway converge at the execution phase, where caspase-3 is activated so as to finally result in apoptosis. The extruded phospholipid (i.e., PS and PE), activated caspase 3, and altered membrane permeability can be targeted by various radiotracers for noninvasive imaging of apoptosis