TABLE 4.
Characteristics associated with deterioration or death by 24 wk among control site children only1
| Deteriorated or died (n = 270) | Did not deteriorate/die (n = 444) | Adjusted OR (95% CI); P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | |||
| WAZ <−3.5 at enrollment | 55 (20.4) | 67 (15.1) | 2.13 (1.35, 3.37); 0.001 |
| WAZ <−3.0 at enrollment | 130 (48.1) | 168 (37.8) | 2.01 (1.42, 2.84); <0.001 |
| MUAC <12.0 cm at enrollment | 129 (47.8) | 132 (29.7) | 2.09 (1.52, 2.87); <0.001 |
| WAZ at enrollment | −2.96 ± 0.72 | −2.79 ± 0.72 | 0.50 (0.38, 0.65); <0.001 |
| MUAC at enrollment | 11.9 ± 0.3 | 12.0 ± 0.3 | 0.22 (0.12, 0.40); <0.001 |
| LAZ at enrollment | −2.95 ± 1.2 | −2.72 ± 1.2 | 0.74 (0.64, 0.86); <0.001 |
| WaSt at enrollment | 78 (28.9) | 128 (28.8) | 1.21 (0.83, 1.75); 0.324 |
| Lost weight or MUAC for 2 consecutive visits | 47 (17.4) | 29 (6.5) | 2.92 (1.77, 4.81); <0.001 |
| Subscapular skinfold-for-age z at enrollment | −1.29 ± 1.09 | −1.22 ± 1.00 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10); 0.45 |
| Triceps skinfold-for-age z at enrollment | −1.43 ± 0.90 | −1.36 ± 0.87 | 0.95 (0.80, 1.13); 0.57 |
| Child and mother demographics | |||
| Age, mo | 12.2 ± 6.2 | 13.7 ± 6.9 | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99); 0.004 |
| Sex (boys) | 110 (40.7) | 174 (39.2) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.45); 0.698 |
| Twin | 12 (4.4) | 5 (1.1) | 3.87 (1.34, 11.17); 0.012 |
| Mother not caregiver | 19 (7.0) | 46 (10.4) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.41); 0.425 |
| <2 y old and not breastfed | 30 (11.1) | 63 (14.2) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.48); 0.70 |
| Caregiver with no education | 149 (55.2) | 259 (58.3) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.21); 0.445 |
| Maternal age, y | 25.4 ± 6.5 | 26.3 ± 8.2 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01); 0.288 |
| Health history | |||
| Recent illness before enrollment | 122 (45.2) | 201 (45.3) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.34); 0.940 |
| Recent illness before 6-wk visit | 85 (31.5) | 80 (18.0) | 1.71 (1.17, 2.52); 0.006 |
| Recent illness before 12-wk visit | 88 (36.8) | 82 (22.0) | 2.10 (1.46, 3.02); <0.001 |
| Known treated for MAM in 24 mo before enrollment | 54 (20.0) | 95 (21.4) | 1.16 (0.77, 1.74); 0.479 |
| Ever treated for SAM in the past | 88 (32.6) | 127 (28.7) | 1.43 (1.01, 2.01); 0.044 |
| Food security | |||
| Food security score (FIES) | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05); 0.602 |
1Values are n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Results of logistic regression analysis within control group only, for those who deteriorated to SAM or died within 24 wk. OR adjusted for age and sex, accounting for clusters. FIES, Food Insecurity Experience Scale; LAZ, length-for-age z score; MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; MUAC, midupper arm circumference; SAM, severe acute malnutrition; WaSt, concurrent wasting and stunting; WAZ, weight-for-age z score.