TABLE 2.
Vitamin K concentrations (pmol/g) in infant feces at 6 wk postpartum by infant feeding and delivery mode1
| Group | Multivariate linear models Pvalue | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BF + VD (n = 13) | BF + CS (n = 10) | FF + VD (n = 13) | FF + CS (n = 10) | Feeding mode | Delivery mode | |
| Vitamin K form | (pmol/g dry weight) | |||||
| PK | 170 ± 20.9 | 155 ± 8.2 | 5260 ± 1470 | 8010 ± 1230 | <0.001 | 0.450 |
| MK5 | 48.2 ± 18.1 | 34.3 ± 62.8 | 114 ± 27.6 | 60.7 ± 107 | 0.017 | 0.110 |
| MK6 | 85.9 ± 56.4 | 136 ± 104 | 1310 ± 221 | 936 ± 617 | <0.001 | 0.842 |
| MK7 | 403 ± 94.9 | 359 ± 206 | 2630 ± 693 | 1570 ± 433 | <0.001 | 0.277 |
| MK8 | 5500 ± 1330 | 2730 ± 2040 | 864 ± 208 | 798 ± 388 | <0.001 | 0.277 |
| MK9 | 323 ± 343 | 56.1 ± 16.5 | 1690 ± 1030 | 195 ± 373 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| MK10 | 838 ± 1550 | 26.5 ± 155 | 4070 ± 2550 | 196 ± 907 | 0.011 | <0.001 |
| MK11 | 1200 ± 1310 | 445 ± 295 | 2490 ± 1430 | 333 ± 219 | 0.579 | 0.006 |
| MK12 | 79.6 ± 180 | 42.8 ± 27.9 | 434 ± 269 | 173 ± 43.6 | <0.001 | 0.071 |
| MK13 | 40.4 ± 18.1 | 27.4 ± 9.6 | 101 ± 45.5 | 127 ± 119 | <0.001 | 0.790 |
| Total MK5-MK13 | 13,400 ± 3340 | 6084 ± 2190 | 24,800 ± 4550 | 7160 ± 1420 | 0.073 | <0.001 |
1
Geometric means ± SEM. Nondetectable values were replaced with the lower limit of detection (LLOD) to avoid transformation of zero. LLODs: 1 pmol/g MK10; 5 pmol/g MK5, MK7, MK8, MK9, MK11, MK12, MK13; 10 pmol/g MK6; 30 pmol/g PK and MK4. Data was natural long (ln)-transformed for normality prior to testing using parametric linear models. Feeding x Delivery mode interaction was tested, but not significant in any model, so was dropped. BF, breastfed; CS, cesarean section; FF, formula-fed; PK, phylloquinone; MKn, menaquinone-n; VD, vaginally delivered.