TABLE 2.

Clinical trials involving exosome-based therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders (ClinicalTrials.gov Database, 2022).

Exosome Intervention	Route of administration	Therapeutic condition	Outcome measures	Clinical trial ID
Allogenic adipose MSC-derived exosomes	Intranasal	AD	Adverse event, cognitive function, quality of life, AD biomarkers	NCT04388982
Focused ultrasound delivery of exosomes	Intravenous	Refractory depression, anxiety disorders, and neurodegenerative dementia	Depressive and anxiety symptoms, cognitive function	NCT04202770
Allogenic MSC-derived exosomes transfected with miR-124	Stereotaxis/intraparenchymal	Cerebrovascular disorders	Stroke recurrence, seizure, hemorrhage, disability	NCT03384433
Exosomes containing neonatal stem cell products	Epineural using ultrasound guidance, intravenous	Neuralgia	Pain, depression severity, daily functioning, adverse event	NCT04202783

AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; MSC, Mesenchymal Stem Cells.