Table 4.
Effect of Cytokines/Chemokines on Pneumococcal Antibody Responses to Postpartum Vaccination
| Serotype | Variable | No. Used | Linear Regressiona | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient Estimates (95% CI) | P Value | |||
| 1 | Principal component 4 | 51 | 0.10 (.02 to .18) | .012 |
| 4 | Principal component 1 | 49 | −0.06 (−.12 to −.01) | .014 |
| Principal component 4 | 49 | 0.11 (.02 to .20) | .016 | |
| Principal component 5 | 49 | −0.09 (−.17 to −.01) | .026 | |
| 5 | Principal component 4 | 51 | 0.07 (.01 to .14) | .027 |
| 7F | Principal component 2 | 51 | 0.08 (.01 to .16) | .030 |
| Principal component 4 | 51 | 0.15 (.06 to .25) | .003 | |
| 14 | Principal component 4 | 51 | 0.14 (.001 to .27) | .048 |
| 23F | Principal component 5 | 47 | −0.09 (−.17 to −.01) | .031 |
Principal components 1, 2, and 5 were associated with lower antibody responses. These principal components included overall substantial positive loadings of CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-26, CXCL-10, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, suggesting that these cytokines and chemokines were associated to lower antibody responses. Principal components 1, 2, and 5 also included substantial negative loadings of IL-7 and IL-16, suggesting that these cytokines were associated with higher antibody responses. Conversely, principal component 4 was associated with higher antibody responses and included substantial positive loadings of CCL4, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-4, and IL-6, and negative loading of IL-1α.
Abbreviations: CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
The regression analysis included cytokine/chemokine principal components, vaccine type, prevaccination antibody levels, plasma HIV RNA, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts