Table 2.

Significant marker-trait associations (MTA) for powdery mildew resistance (PM-R) in winter wheat identified in a population of plant genetic resources (PGR) within the Wheat A-Genome.

Chr	Published PM-R-Genes	MTA	BAF PGR	BAF Elite	-log10(p-value)	R 2
1A	Pm3a-r (3,9,94), Pm223899 (80), Pm17 (4,22), Pm25 (24)	1	0.9617	1	5.45	0.00002
		2	0.0031	0	5.27	0.013
2A	Pm4a-e (10,23,76,75,77) Pm50 (47), PmPS5A (31) PmLK906 (58) Pm65 (64), Ml92145E8-9 (68)	3	0.0033	0	5.19	0.006
		4	0.0031	0	6.12	0.013
		5	0.0015	0	8.3	0.007
3A	Pm44 (42)	6	0.0098	0	5.38	0.005
		7	0.0063	0	5.35	0.007
		8	0.0014	0	5.88	0.003
		9	0.003	0	6.2	0.014
5A	Pm55 (2), pm2026 (57)	10	0.0038	0	6.4	0.013
7A	Pm1a-e (3,4,7) Pm9 (4) Pm37 (35) Pm59 (1) PmU (54) Mlm2033 (56) Mlm80 (56) Pm60a-c (65,92)	11	0.0098	0	6.58	0.012
		12	0.0097	0.01	7.84	0.012
		13	0.0094	0.01	7.53	0.011
		14	0.0097	0.01	6.94	0.013
		15	0.0101	0.01	7.78	0.012
		16	0.0097	0.01	7.07	0.013
		17	0.0101	0.01	9.14	0.013
		18	0.0117	0.01	9.14	0.01
		19	0.0098	0.01	6.43	0.013
		20	0.0074	0.01	6.98	0.011
		21	0.0071	0.01	8.25	0.011
		22	0.0078	0.01	5.29	0.01
		23	0.0089	0.01	5.99	0.013
		24	0.0087	0.01	10.06	0.011
		25	0.0074	0.01	6.74	0.009
		26	0.0018	0.01	5.29	0.009

BAF is the frequency of the advantageous alleles within the PGR population (n = 7,510) and the elite population (Elite, n = 170). Sources: (1) Tan et al., 2018, (2) Zhang et al., 2016, (3) Briggle and Sears, 1966, (4) Hsam et al., 1998, (7) Singrün et al., 2003, (9) Zeller et al., 1993, (10) McIntosh et al., 1979, (22) Hao et al., 2015, (23) Hao et al., 2008, (24) Shi et al., 1998, (31) Zhu et al., 2005, (35) Perugini et al., 2008, (42) Alam et al., 2011, (47) Mohler et al., 2013, (54) Qiu et al., 2005, (56) Yao et al., 2007, (57) Xu et al., 2008, (58) Niu et al., 2008, (64) Li et al., 2019, (65) Zou et al., 2018, (68) Yu et al., 2018, (75) McIntosh et al., 1979, (76) Li et al., 2017, (77) Ullah et al., 2018, (80) Li et al., 2018, (92) Zhao et al., 2020, (94) Jurkowski and Bujak, 2019.