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. 2022 Jan 20;9(8):2104055. doi: 10.1002/advs.202104055

Figure 8.

Figure 8

PKM2 pS222 levels correlate with the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. A) Survival of 76 patients with low (0–4.9 staining scores, blue curve) versus high (5.0–8 staining scores, red curve) PKM2 S222 phosphorylation levels (low, 25 patients; high, 51 patients) was compared (Log‐rank test). B) 73 diffuse astrocytoma (Grade II) specimens were immunohistochemically stained using anti‐PKM2 pS222 antibody. Staining scores of the specimens were compared with 48 stained GBM (Grade IV) specimens (two‐tailed Student's t‐test). C) Upon DNA damage, PKM2 is phosphorylated by AKT1 at serine (S) 222. Phosphorylated PKM2 interacts with the FACT complex and provides a local source of pyruvate. Pyruvate physically binds to SSRP1 and enhances the association of the FACT complex and γH2AX, which facilitates FACT‐mediated chromatin loading of γH2AX, thereby amplifying DNA damage signaling and promoting DNA damage repair.