Table 3.

Overall risk of bias analysis of the nonrandomized controlled trials.

Study	Bias due to confounding	Selection bias	Bias in classification of interventions	Bias due to deviations from intended interventions	Bias due to missing data	Bias in measurement of outcomes	Bias in selection of the reported result	Overall bias
Chirico et al [14]	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Atef et al [39]	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Critical	Low	Low	Critical
Buche et al [17]	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Jimenez et al [40]	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
House et al [30]	Moderate	Low	Low	Serious	Critical	Moderate	Moderate	Critical
Chen et al [44]	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate