Table 1. Unadjusted Prevalence and Adjusted Trends for Children’s Current Health Conditions and Positive Health Behaviors, 2016-2020 (N = 174 551).
| Weighted prevalence, % (95% CI)a | 5-y Trends (2016-2020) | Before COVID-19 (2016-2019) | COVID-19 era (2020 vs 2019) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 (n = 50 212) | 2019 (n = 29 433) | 2020 (n = 42 777) | ||||||||||
| Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | ||||
| Current health conditions | ||||||||||||
| Asthma | 8.4 (7.9-9.0) | 7.8 (7.2-8.5) | 7.2 (6.7-7.7) | −1.2 | −14.2 | .03 | −0.6 | −7.3 | .27 | −0.6 | −7.5 | .15 |
| Headaches/migraines (3-17 y) | 3.5 (3.1-4.0) | 3.3 (2.8-3.8) | 3.0 (2.6-3.4) | −0.6 | −15.7 | .21 | −0.3 | −7.5 | .70 | −0.3 | −8.9 | .38 |
| Anxiety problems (3-17 y) | 7.1 (6.6-7.6) | 9.0 (8.3-9.7) | 9.2 (8.6-9.8) | 2.1 | 28.9 | <.001 | 1.9 | 26.7 | <.001 | 0.2 | 1.7 | .69 |
| Depression (3-17 y) | 3.1 (2.9-3.5) | 3.9 (3.4-4.4) | 4.0 (3.6-4.5) | 0.8 | 26.7 | <.001 | 0.7 | 23.8 | <.001 | 0.1 | 2.4 | .77 |
| Behavioral/conduct problems (3-17 y) | 7.4 (6.9-7.9) | 6.7 (6.1-7.4) | 8.1 (7.5-8.8) | 0.7 | 10.2 | .06 | −0.6 | −8.6 | .30 | 1.4 | 20.6 | .001 |
| Autism (3-17 y) | 2.5 (2.2-2.8) | 3.1 (2.7-3.6) | 2.7 (2.4-3.1) | 0.2 | 9.4 | .38 | 0.6 | 24.6 | .10 | −0.4 | −12.1 | .19 |
| ADHD (3-17 y) | 8.9 (8.4-9.4) | 8.6 (8.0-9.3) | 9.3 (8.7-9.9) | 0.4 | 4.0 | .27 | −0.3 | −2.9 | .84 | 0.6 | 7.1 | .14 |
| Decayed teeth/cavities (1-17 y) | 11.7 (11.0-12.4) | 11.5 (10.6-12.4) | 12.1 (11.3-12.9) | 0.4 | 3.4 | .44 | −0.2 | −1.9 | .97 | 0.6 | 5.4 | .30 |
| Overweight/obesity (10-17 y) | 31.2 (29.8-32.6) | 31.2 (29.5-33.0) | 33.1 (31.6-34.7) | 1.9 | 6.2 | .18 | 0.0 | 0.1 | .77 | 1.9 | 6.0 | .12 |
| Any special health care needs | 19.4 (18.6-20.1) | 19.0 (18.2-19.9) | 19.7 (18.9-20.5) | 0.3 | 1.7 | .14 | −0.3 | −1.6 | .93 | 0.6 | 3.4 | .26 |
| Positive health behaviors | ||||||||||||
| Adequate sleep (4 mo-17 y) | 65.9 (64.9-66.9) | 65.2 (64.0-66.4) | 65.6 (64.5-66.7) | −0.2 | −0.4 | .91 | −0.6 | −1.0 | .61 | 0.4 | 0.6 | .72 |
| Daily reading (0-5 y) | 37.7 (36.1-39.4) | 35.1 (33.1-37.1) | 38.1 (36.3-39.9) | 0.4 | 0.9 | .26 | −2.7 | −7.0 | .01 | 3.0 | 8.6 | .06 |
| Daily physical activity (6-17 y) | 24.2 (23.1-25.3) | 21.4 (20.3-22.6) | 19.8 (18.9-20.8) | −4.4 | −18.0 | <.001 | −2.7 | −11.2 | .04 | −1.6 | −7.6 | .04 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; adj, adjusted.
a
See eTable 2 in the Supplement for 2017 and 2018 estimates.
b
Adjusted models controlled for child sex, age, race and ethnicity, and household income.