Table 3. Unadjusted Prevalence and Adjusted Trends for Family Well-being and Stressors, 2016-2020 (N = 174 551).
| Weighted prevalence, % (95% CI)a | 5-y Trends (2016-2020) | Before COVID-19 (2016-2019) | COVID-19 era (2020 vs 2019) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 (n = 50 212) | 2019 (n = 29 433) | 2020 (n = 42 777) | Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | Absolute difference | Relative difference | P value for trend (adj)b | |
| Parent or caregiver report | ||||||||||||
| Physical health “excellent/very good” | 58.8 (57.8-59.8) | 58.1 (56.9-59.4) | 59.0 (58.0-60.1) | 0.2 | 0.4 | .24 | −0.7 | −1.1 | .15 | 0.9 | 1.5 | .33 |
| Mental health “excellent/very good” | 69.8 (68.9-70.8) | 67.3 (66.1-68.5) | 66.3 (65.3-67.3) | −3.5 | −5.0 | <.001 | −2.5 | −3.6 | <.001 | −1.0 | −1.5 | .19 |
| Coping “very well” with demands of raising children | 67.2 (66.3-68.1) | 62.2 (61.0-63.4) | 59.9 (58.8-60.9) | −7.3 | −10.9 | <.001 | −5.0 | −7.5 | <.001 | −2.3 | −3.8 | .005 |
| Quit, declined, changed job due to child care problems in past 12 mo (0-5 y) | 8.3 (7.3-9.3) | 9.4 (8.0-10.9) | 12.6 (11.2-14.1) | 4.3 | 52.1 | <.001 | 1.1 | 13.5 | .19 | 3.2 | 34.0 | .001 |
| Household food insufficiency in past 12 mo | 33.9 (32.9-34.9) | 31.5 (30.3-32.7) | 28.9 (27.9-29.9) | −5.0 | −14.8 | <.001 | −2.4 | −7.2 | .09 | −2.6 | −8.2 | .003 |
| Child’s adverse childhood experiences | ||||||||||||
| Parent died | 3.3 (3.0-3.7) | 3.0 (2.6-3.5) | 2.8 (2.5-3.2) | −0.5 | −15.2 | .01 | −0.3 | −9.7 | .12 | −0.2 | −6.1 | .52 |
| Parent served time in jail | 8.2 (7.6-8.8) | 7.4 (6.8-8.0) | 6.7 (6.2-7.2) | −1.5 | −18.3 | .03 | −0.8 | −9.7 | .42 | −0.7 | −9.5 | .13 |
| Witnessed interpersonal violence | 5.7 (5.3-6.2) | 5.6 (5.0-6.2) | 5.3 (4.8-5.8) | −0.5 | −7.9 | .90 | −0.1 | −2.5 | .57 | −0.3 | −5.5 | .51 |
| Experienced or witnessed neighborhood violence | 3.9 (3.5-4.3) | 4.1 (3.6-4.7) | 4.1 (3.6-4.6) | 0.3 | 6.5 | .16 | 0.2 | 6.1 | .20 | 0.0 | 0.4 | .98 |
| Lived with someone with mental illness | 7.8 (7.3-8.3) | 8.8 (8.1-9.6) | 8.3 (7.7-8.9) | 0.4 | 5.5 | .002 | 1.0 | 12.4 | .009 | −0.5 | −6.1 | .29 |
| Lived with someone with substance use problems | 9.0 (8.5-9.6) | 8.8 (8.0-9.6) | 8.5 (7.9-9.2) | −0.5 | −6.0 | .97 | −0.3 | −3.2 | .87 | −0.2 | −2.8 | .65 |
| Experienced racial or ethnic discrimination | 3.7 (3.3-4.1) | 4.7 (4.1-5.3) | 5.4 (4.9-6.0) | 1.7 | 46.7 | <.001 | 1.0 | 26.1 | .01 | 0.8 | 16.3 | .08 |
Abbreviation: adj, adjusted.
a
See eTable 2 in the Supplement for 2017 and 2018 estimates.
b
Adjusted models controlled for child sex, age, race and ethnicity, and household income.