Comparison 2. CBT versus no treatment (chronic NP).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
2.1 Pain (short‐term follow‐up)	3	89	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.58 [‐1.01, ‐0.16]
2.2 Disability (short‐term follow‐up)	2	46	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.61 [‐1.21, ‐0.01]
2.3 Kinesiophobia (short‐term follow‐up)	2	46	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.69 [‐13.91, 0.53]
2.4 Distress (short‐term follow‐up)	2	46	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.41 [‐0.99, 0.18]
2.5 Quality of life (short‐term follow‐up)	2	46	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.93 [‐1.54, ‐0.31]