Table 2.

Sample characteristics by race.

	Black girls (n = 1235)	White girls (n = 937)
Socioeconomic status indicators and neighborhood factors
Household receipt of public assistance	53.77%	17.40%
Single parent-headed household	63.29%	23.90%
Primary caregiver education <12 years	16.35%	10.67%
Low neighborhood safety: M (SD)	24.18 (8.44)	20.56 (5.70)
Community cohesion: M (SD)	30.18 (8.70)	37.03 (8.18)
Neighborhood physical disorder: M (SD)	1.27 (1.34)	0.49 (0.86)
Family and community level factors
Primary caregiver AUDIT score: M (SD)	2.33(3.24)	2.20 (2.69)
Low parental monitoring: M (SD)	5.13(1.51)	4.61 (1.00)
History of trauma exposure(s)	20.00%	9.18%
Religious involvement: M (SD)
Frequency attend religious services	1.34(0.97)	1.22 (0.89)
Frequency participate in other religious	1.13(1.42)	1.13 (1.35)
activities
Importance of religion	1.38 (0.67)	1.10 (0.76)
Frequency pray	1.89 (1.01)	1.57 (1.10)
Friends’ substance use: M (SD)
Alcohol	1.16 (1.06)	1.07 (1.04)
Cigarettes	0.91 (0.95)	0.91 (0.95)
Cannabis	1.18 (1.07)	0.71 (0.93)
Individual level factors
Early puberty	36.84%	19.96%
Depression: M (SD)	7.49 (5.13)	7.34 (4.93)
Anxiety: M (SD)	14.58 (9.64)	13.91 (9.08)
Conduct problems: M (SD)	1.69 (2.25)	1.00 (1.55)
Self-control: M (SD)	11.77 (3.46)	12.87 (3.51)
Sensation seeking: M (SD)	5.04 (2.62)	5.39 (2.60)
Prior year intentions to use: M (SD)
Alcohol	1.30 (0.57)	1.25 (0.51)
Cigarettes	1.10 (0.35)	1.07(0.30)
Cannabi	1.25 (0.52)	1.08(0.29)

Note M = mean; SD = standard deviation; values reflect status at age at first use of alcohol, cigarettes, or cannabis (age 17 for never users).