Table 1.
Comparisons between normal and late‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) populations
| Variable | Late‐onset FGR (N = 24) (50%) | Normal fetuses (N = 24) (50%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous/Categorical data | Mean (SD), median (1st, 3rd Quartiles)/N (%) | Mean (SD), median (1st, 3rd Quartiles)/N (%) | p value*/** |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 31.5 (5.2), 31.0 (29, 34.5) | 34.0 (4.2), 34 (31.0, 36) | NS |
| Gravidity | 1.7 (1.0), 1 (1, 2) | 2.2 (1.4), 2 (1, 3) | NS |
| Parity | 0.4 (0.6), 0 (0, 1) | 0.5 (0.6), 0 (0, 1) | NS |
| Maternal prepregnancy weight (kg) | 58.8 (9.2), 58.5 (50.5, 66.7) | 61.5 (10), 62 (53.5, 69.2) | NS |
| Maternal height (cm) | 162.6 (5.6), 161.5 (158.3, 167.8) | 160.9 (8.3), 161.5 (154.5, 167) | NS |
| Maternal body mass index | 22.2 (3), 22.5 (20.1, 24.7) | 23.7 (3.4), 23.7 (20.8, 26.6) | NS |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 8 (33.3) | 4 (16.7) | NS |
| Fetal examination | |||
| Fetal gender (male) | 9 (37.5) | 10 (41.7) | NS |
| Gestational age at ultrasound examination (week) | 37.9 (1.5), 37.3 (36.7, 38.7) | 39.1 (1), 39.1 (38.6, 40) | <0.01 |
| Gestational age at delivery (week) | 38.4 (1.5), 37.9 (36.4, 39.9) | 39.7 (1.2), 39.7 (38.8, 40.8) | <0.01 |
| Interval examination‐delivery (day) | 3.5 (2.8), 3 (1.2, 5) | 4.3 (3.5), 4 (1.2, 6) | NS |
| CPR MoM | 0.70 (0.26), 0.62 (0.49, 0.96) | 1.2 (0.3), 1.2 (1, 1.4) | <0.0001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 2278 (320), 2340 (2053, 2538) | 3179 (453), 3145 (2753, 3575) | <0.0001 |
| Birth weight centile | 1.5 (1.9), 1 (0, 2) | 35.3 (26.4), 29.5 (13.75, 57.5) | <0.0001 |
| Gestational age at ultrasound examination (week) | 37.9 (1.5), 37.3 (36.7, 38.7) | 39.1 (1), 39.1 (38.6, 40) | <0.01 |
| Gestational age at delivery (week) | 38.4 (1.5), 37.9 (36.4, 39.9) | 39.7 (1.2), 39.7 (38.8, 40.8) | <0.01 |
| Labor and delivery | |||
| IFC | 11 (45.8) | 2 (8.3) | <0.01 |
| Apgar <7 at 5 min | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Arterial pH <7.20 | 6 (25) | 3 (12.5) | NS |
| Arterial pH <7.10 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Type of event leading to labor onset | |||
| Spontaneous labor onset | 2 (8.3) | 6 (5) | NS |
| Induction of labor | 21 (87.5) | 17 (70.8) | NS |
| Elective cesarean | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) | NS |
| Via of delivery | |||
| Cesarean section (scheduled) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) | NS |
| Cesarean section (failure to progress) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.3) | NS |
| Cesarean section (abnormal CTG) | 7 (29.2) | 2 (8.3) | NS |
| Assisted vaginal delivery | 6 (25) | 4 (16.7) | NS |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 8 (33.3) | 15 (62.5) | NS |
| Neonate destiny | |||
| Maternal ward | 17 (70.8) | 24 (100) | <0.01 |
| Neonates ward | 7 (29.2) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Pediatric Intensive care unit | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
Abbreviations: BW, birth weight; CPR MoM, cerebroplacental ratio multiples of the median; FGR: fetal growth restriction: BW <3rd centile or alternatively BW <10th centile plus abnormal Doppler (represented by a CPR < 0.6765 MoM), IFC: intrapartum fetal compromise; IFC, intrapartum fetal compromise; MoM, multiples of the median, *Mann–Whitney U test, **Fisher test; SD, standard deviation.