Table 2.

Association (odds ratio) between falls and ADLs / IADLs

Variables	Categories	N	Proportion of fall	Crude OR (95% CI)
Pushing-Pulling objects	No difficulty	15,420 (49.0)	1231 (7.98)	0
	Difficulty	16,057 (51.0)	2039 (12.69)	1.79 (1.66 – 1.93) *
Climbing	No difficulty	14,266 (45.3)	1136 (7.96)	0
	Difficulty	17,211 (54.7)	2134 (12.39)	1.75 (1.62 – 1.89) *
Arising from chair	No difficulty	18,193 (57.8)	1590 (8.73)	0
	Difficulty	13,284 (42.2)	1680 (12.64)	1.65 (1.51 – 1.75) *
Stooping	No difficulty	13,848 (44.0)	1133 (8.18)	0
	Difficulty	17,629 (56.0)	2137 (12.12)	1.63 (1.53 – 1.78) *
Walking	No difficulty	21,178 (67.3)	1974 (9.32)	0
	Difficulty	10,299 (32.7)	1296 (12.58)	1.51 (1.40 – 1.62) *
Sitting	No difficulty	19,390 (61.6)	1775 (9.15)	0
	Difficulty	12,087 (38.4)	1495 (12.36)	1.50 (1.32 – 1.67) *
Carry weights	No difficulty	19,662 (62.5)	1805 (9.18)	0
	Difficulty	11,815 (37.5)	1465 (12.39)	1.50 (1.39 – 1.62) *
Reaching objects	No difficulty	25,142 (79.9)	2461 (9.78)	0
	Difficulty	6335 (20.1)	809 (12.77)	1.47 (1.35 – 1.60) *
Shopping grocery	No difficulty	24,791 (78.8)	2418 (9.7)	0
	Difficulty	6686 (21.2)	852 (12.74)	1.46 (1.34 – 1.59) *
Household garden	No difficulty	24,113 (76.6)	2351 (9.74)	0
	Difficulty	7364 (23.4)	919 (12.47)	1.43 (1.32 – 1.55) *
Medications	No difficulty	27,159 (86.3)	2713 (9.98)	0
	Difficulty	4318 (13.7)	557 (12.89)	1.45 (1.31 – 1.60) *
Finance	No difficulty	24,067 (76.5)	2360 (9.80)	0
	Difficulty	7410 (23.5)	910 (12.28)	1.38 (1.27 – 1.50) *
Telephone calls	No difficulty	23,369 (74.2)	2269 (9.7)	0
	Difficulty	8108 (25.8)	1001 (12.34)	1.38 (1.27 – 1.49) *
ADL Difficulty	None	8407 (26.7)	568 (6.75)	0
	Less than 4	11,496 (36.5)	1182 (10.28)	1.62 (1.46 – 1.80) *
	More than 4	11,574 (36.8)	1520 (13.13)	2.32 (2.09 – 2.56)
IADL difficulty	None	18,573 (59.0)	1666 (8.97)	0
	Less than 2	10,785 (34.3)	1331 (12.34)	1.49 (1.38 – 1.61) *
	More than 2	2119 (6.7)	273 (12.88)	1.72 (1.49 – 1.97) *

^*p-value < 0.05; reference categories for all the variables were ‘no difficulty’