Table 3.
Literature review—randomized controlled trials who evaluated dexmedetomidine sedation in flexible bronchoscopy procedures
| References | Design | Procedure | Intervention (n) | Comparator (n) | DEX dose | Primary outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ryu et al. [16] | RCT | FB | PRF– DEX (36) | PRF –rFEN (36) | 0.4–2 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Liao et al. [27] | RCT | FB | DEX (99) | MDZ (99) | 0.5 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Goneppanavar 201526 | RCT | FB | DEX (27) | MDZ (27) | 1 μg/kg once | Othera |
| Yuan et al. [18] | RCT | FB | DEX-FEN (50) | PRF-FEN (50) | 0.2–0.7 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Riachy et al. [25] | RCT | FB | LID + DEX (53) | LID (54) ID + FEN (55) | 0.5 μg/kg once | Other b |
| Li et al. [24] | RCT | FB | DEX + FEN + PRF (57) | FEN + PRF (57) | 0.5–1 mg/kg once | SpO2 |
| St-Pierre et al. [20] | RCT | EBUS-TBNA | DEX (30) | rFEN (30) | 0.5–1.0 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Magazine et al. [23] | RCT | FB | DEX (27) | MDZ (27) | 0.5 μg/kg once | Other a |
| Lin et al. [19] | RCT | EBUS-TBNA | DEX (25) | PRF (25) | 0.5–1.4 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Kim et al. [22] | RCT | EBUS-TBNA | DEX (48) | MDZ (54) | 0.25–0.75 μg/kg /H | SpO2 |
| Kumari et al. [21] | RCT | EBUS-TBNA | DEX (99) | MDZ (98) | 0.6 μg/kg /H | Other c |
| Zhang et al. [17] | RCT | FB | DEX (222) | FEN (211) | 1 μg/kg once | SpO2 |
| Pertzov 2021 (current study) | RCT | FB | DEX (30) | PRF (33) | 0.5 μg kg /H | SpO2 |
FB – flexible bronchoscopy; CS – Conscious sedation; GA – general anesthesia; MDS – Moderate to deep sedation; DEX – dexmedetomidine; PRF – propofol; MDZ – midazolam; FEN – fentanyl; rFEN – remifentanil; LID – lidocaine; EBUS-TBNA– endobronchial ultrasound ‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
aComposite outcome: sedation, cough, calmness, respiratory response, physical movement, facial tension
bProcedure tolerance, sedation level, safety
cNumber of rescue midazolam boluses