Table 2.
Comparison of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between chronic TMD patients and healthy controls
| Chronic TMD patients (n = 503) | Healthy control (n = 180) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | |
| PSQI | |||
| Component 1: Subjective sleep quality (0–3) a | 1.50 ± 0.79 | 0.59 ± 0.61 | < 0.001*** |
| Component 2: Sleep latency (0–3) a | 0.83 ± 0.97 | 0.42 ± 0.72 | < 0.001*** |
| Component 3: Sleep duration (0–3) a | 0.72 ± 0.91 | 0.61 ± 0.79 | 0.035* |
| Component 4: Sleep efficiency (0–3) a | 0.38 ± 0.79 | 0.11 ± 0.36 | < 0.001*** |
| Component 5: Sleep disturbances (0–3) a | 1.20 ± 0.63 | 0.45 ± 0.60 | < 0.001*** |
| Component 6: Use of sleep medication (0–3) a | 0.15 ± 0.54 | 0.04 ± 0.28 | 0.001** |
| Component 7: Daytime dysfunction (0–3) a | 1.41 ± 0.90 | 1.79 ± 1.04 | < 0.001*** |
| PSQI global score (0–21) a | 6.25 ± 2.77 | 3.84 ± 2.29 | < 0.001*** |
| Poor sleeper (PSQI global score ≥ 5) b | 286 (56.9) | 40 (22.2) | < 0.001*** |
TMD temporomandibular disorder, SD standard deviation
A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. *: p-value < 0.05, **: p-value < 0.01, ***: p-value < 0.001
a: The results were obtained via t- test. b: The results were obtained from χ2 test