Table 4.
Comparison of STOP-BANG and ESS components between groups.
| Chronic TMD patients (n = 503) | Healthy control (n = 180) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | |
| STOP-Bang | |||
| Snoring (none = 0, yes = 1)a | 79 (15.7) | 8 (4.4) | < 0.001*** |
| Tired (none =0, yes =1) a | 420 (83.5) | 147 (81.7) | 0.324 |
| Observed apnea (none =0, yes =1) a | 28 (5.6) | 6 (3.3) | 0.163 |
| High blood pressure (none = 0, yes = 1)a | 32 (6.4) | 2 (1.1) | 0.002** |
| BMI more than 35 kg/m2 (none =0, yes =1) a | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | 0.604 |
| Age over 50 (none =0, yes =1) a | 80 (15.9) | 30 (16.7) | 0.814 |
| Neck circumference (male > 17 in., female > 16 in.) (none =0, yes =1) a | 29 (5.8) | 7 (3.9) | 0.223 |
| Gender, male (Female =0, male =1) a | 170 (33.8) | 64 (35.6) | 0.367 |
| STOP Bang total score (0–8) | 1.77 ± 1.86 | 1.53 ± 0.77 | 0.017* |
| STOP-Bang total score ≥ 3 (high risk of OSA) | 81 (16.1) | 13 (7.2) | 0.001** |
| Epworth sleepiness scale | |||
| Sitting and reading (0–3) b | 0.94 ± 0.73 | 0.91 ± 0.64 | 0.588 |
| Watching TV (0–3) b | 0.63 ± 0.67 | 0.61 ± 0.60 | 0.751 |
| Sitting, inactive in public place (0–3)b | 0.59 ± 0.66 | 0.76 ± 0.73 | 0.007** |
| As a passenger in a car for an hour without a break (0–3)b | 1.19 ± 0.89 | 1.04 ± 0.81 | 0.047* |
| Lying down to rest in the afternoon when circumstances permit (0–3)b | 1.45 ± 0.89 | 1.17 ± 0.84 | < 0.001*** |
| Sitting and talking to someone (0–3) b | 0.28 ± 0.54 | 0.33 ± 0.56 | 0.272 |
| Sitting quietly after a lunch without alcohol (0–3) b | 1.23 ± 0.85 | 1.34 ± 0.83 | 0.107 |
| In a car, while stopped for a few minutes for traffic (0–3)b | 0.42 ± 0.63 | 0.54 ± 0.66 | 0.043* |
| ESS total score (0–24) b | 6.73 ± 3.62 | 6.71 ± 3.02 | 0.952 |
| ESS total score ≥ 10 (EDS)a | 99 (19.7) | 23 (12.8) | 0.023* |
Values are presented as number (%) and mean ± standard deviation
TMD temporomandibular disorder, SD standard deviation, STOP-Bang The snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure (STOP)-BMI, age, neck circumference, and gender (Bang), ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, EDS excessive daytime sleepiness
p-Value significance was set at <0.05. *: p-value < 0.05, **: p-value <0.01, ***: p-value <0.001
a: Comparison results of the number (%) between groups performed with χ2 test and Boneferroni correction. b: The results were obtained via t- test