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. 2022 Mar 15;20:31. doi: 10.1186/s12964-021-00807-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — 4-OHE2 enhances ER transcriptional activity. A Identification of gene signatures related to an early estrogen response by GSEA in CYP1B1^High and CYP1B1^low PRAD samples from the TCAG. B Correlation analysis of CYP1B1 and the early estrogen response gene set in normal prostate tissues and PRAD tissues from TCGA (TCGA and GTEx normal, n = 152, PRAD, n = 498). C Mean mRNA levels of ESR1, ESR2 and GPER for CYP1B1^High sample versus CYP1B1^Low samples in the PRAD dataset from the TCGA (t-test). D Luciferase reporter assays in LNCaP-abl and PC3 cells transfected with estrogen receptor promoter reporter (ERE-LUC) after 4-OHE2 treatment (t-test). E Representative IF staining of CYP1B1 (red) and ERα (green) in LNCaP and PC3 cells after the indicated treatments. Scale bar = 50 μm. Bic, bicalutamide. PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma. All values represent the means ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05