TABLE 4.
Association between race/ethnicity and SMM, both total and excluding cases with transfusion alone, by study period
| Race/ethnicity | Total SMM | SMM excluding cases with transfusion alonea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Postintervention | Baseline | Postintervention | |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1b: Unadjusted model | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.34 (1.27–1.42) | 1.22 (1.05–1.40) | 1.46 (1.30–1.65) | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) |
| Asian | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) |
| Hispanics | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
| Others | 1.08 (1.00–1.18) | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 0.97 (0.75–1.27) |
| Model 2c: Adjusted for sociodemographic factors | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.32 (1.25–1.39) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.47 (1.30–1.66) | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) |
| Asian | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.12 (0.98–1.26) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) |
| Hispanics | 1.07 (1.01–1.12) | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.94 (0.80–1.12) |
| Others | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.06 (0.90–1.23) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) |
| Model 3d: Adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors (except for method of delivery) | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.29 (1.21–1.38) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.43 (1.25–1.63) | 1.05 (0.81–1.37) |
| Asian | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) |
| Hispanics | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 0.96 (0.83–1.13) |
| Others | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) |
| Model 4e: Adjusted for sociodemographic, and clinical factors including method of delivery (fully adjusted model) | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | 1.07 (0.92e1.24) | 1.33 (1.16–1.52) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) |
| Asian | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.09 (0.96e1.23) | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) |
| Hispanics | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.06 (0.97e1.16) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
| Others | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 1.03 (0.89e1.21) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.92 (0.70–1.22) |
CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; SMM, severe maternal morbidity.
Cases with transfusion alone were excluded from the numerator
Unadjusted model. Model included study period, race ethnicity, and the interaction term between study period and race ethnicity
Based on model 1, additionally included the following maternal sociodemographic factors: age at delivery, education levels, parity, and insurance status
Based on model 2, additionally included the following maternal clinical factors: prenatal visits, pre-pregnancy body mass index, multiple pregnancy, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, previous cesarean delivery, labor induction, and pre-term birth
Fully adjusted model. Based on model 3, additionally included method of delivery.