TABLE 1.
Marginal differences versus saline as referent groupa
| Dosing day | VAN treatment group | TZP treatment group | VAN + TZP treatment group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine output difference (mL), mean (95% CI), P value | |||
| Baseline | 0.63 (−3.19 to 4.45), P = 0.747 | 2.85 (−1.12 to 6.82), P = 0.159 | 3.33 (−0.49 to 7.15), P = 0.088 |
| Day 1 | 4.09 (0.26 to 7.91), P = 0.036 | 1.40 (−2.57 to 5.37), P = 0.490 | 5.52 (1.69 to 9.34), P = 0.005 |
| Day 2 | 0.45 (−3.38 to 4.27), P = 0.820 | −1.98 (−5.95 to 1.99), P = 0.328 | 0.75 (−3.08 to 4.52), P = 0.703 |
| Day 3 | 0.49 (−3.33 to 4.32), P = 0.801 | 0.58 (−3.39 to 4.55), P = 0.773 | 3.19 (−0.63 to 7.02), P = 0.102 |
| Day 4 | 8.87 (5.05 to 12.7), P < 0.001 | −0.07 (−4.04 to 3.91), P = 0.974 | 6.83 (3.01 to 10.7), P < 0.001 |
| Urinary KIM-1 difference (ng), mean (95% CI), P value | |||
| Baseline | −1.24 (−18.9 to 16.4), P = 0.891 | −0.45 (−18.8 to 17.9), P = 0.961 | 1.22 (−16.4 to 18.9), P = 0.892 |
| Day 1 | 21.5 (3.83 to 39.2), P = 0.017 | −1.42 (−19.8 to 16.9), P = 0.879 | 3.14 (−14.5 to 20.8), P = 0.728 |
| Day 2 | 29.8 (12.2 to 47.5), P = 0.001 | −3.74 (−22.1 to 14.6), P = 0.689 | 2.47 (−15.2 to 20.1), P = 0.784 |
| Day 3 | 21.6 (3.91 to 39.2), P = 0.017 | −2.66 (−20.9 to 15.7), P = 0.776 | 2.74 (−14.9 to 20.4), P = 0.761 |
| Day 4 | 24.1 (6.41 to 41.7), P = 0.008 | −4.14 (−22.5 to 14.2), P = 0.658 | 0.83 (−16.8 to 18.5), P = 0.927 |
| Urinary clusterin difference (ng), mean (95% CI), P value | |||
| Baseline | 108 (−1,835 to 2,052), P = 0.913 | 507 (−1,511 to 2,524), P = 0.623 | 1,783 (−160 to 3,727), P = 0.072 |
| Day 1 | 1,563 (−381 to 3,507), P = 0.115 | 930 (−1,087 to 2,947), P = 0.366 | 2,870 (926 to 4,814), P = 0.004 |
| Day 2 | 2,030 (86 to 3,974), P = 0.041 | −597 (−2,614 to 1,420), P = 0.562 | 883 (−1,061 to 2,826), P = 0.374 |
| Day 3 | 1,760 (−184 to 3,704), P = 0.076 | 43 (−1,975 to 2,060), P = 0.967 | 1,843 (−101 to 3,787), P = 0.063 |
| Day 4 | 523 (−1,421 to 2,467), P = 0.598 | −228 (−2,246 to 1,789), P = 0.824 | 400 (−1,544 to 2,344), P = 0.687 |
| Urinary OPN difference (ng), mean (95% CI), P value | |||
| Baseline | 0.21 (−0.55 to 0.98), P = 0.586 | 0.17 (−0.62 to 0.97), P = 0.670 | 0.15 (−0.61 to 0.92), P = 0.695 |
| Day 1 | 0.47 (−0.29 to 1.23), P = 0.229 | 0.54 (−0.26 to 1.33), P = 0.186 | 0.47 (−0.29 to 1.23), P = 0.233 |
| Day 2 | 1.09 (0.33 to 1.86), P = 0.005 | 0.35 (−0.44 to 1.15), P = 0.383 | 0.51 (−0.25 to 1.28), P = 0.189 |
| Day 3 | 1.35 (0.58 to 2.11), P = 0.001 | 0.71 (−0.09 to 1.49), P = 0.082 | 0.89 (0.13 to 1.66), P = 0.022 |
| Day 4 | 1.73 (0.97 to 2.49), P < 0.001 | 0.49 (−0.29 to 1.29), P = 0.222 | 1.77 (1.01 to 2.53), P < 0.001 |
| GFR difference (mL/min/100 g body weight), mean (95% CI), P value | |||
| Baseline | 0.18 (−0.11 to 0.47), P = 0.234 | 0.18 (−0.12 to 0.48), P = 0.232 | 0.05 (−0.23 to 0.34), P = 0.712 |
| Day 1 | −0.16 (−0.46 to 0.14), P = 0.285 | 0.02 (−0.29 to 0.32), P = 0.922 | −0.16 (−0.44 to 0.13), P = 0.293 |
| Day 2 | −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.18), P = 0.474 | 0.0 (−0.30 to 0.30), P = 0.999 | 0.01 (−0.28 to 0.31), P = 0.938 |
| Day 3 | −0.01 (−0.30 to 0.28), P = 0.934 | 0.15 (−0.15 to 0.45), P = 0.339 | 0.17 (−0.12 to 0.46), P = 0.256 |
| Day 4 | −0.39 (−0.68 to −0.10), P = 0.008 | −0.13 (−0.43 to 0.17), P = 0.402 | −0.04 (−0.33 to 0.25), P = 0.794 |
a
CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; OPN, osteopontin; TZP, piperacillin-tazobactam; VAN, vancomycin. Boldface indicates P value < 0.05.