Table 1.

Detection of COVID-19 using CT scans and CXR images to identify common features

Paper	Images	Features	Result	Inference
Ng et al. [60]	CT and Chest X-Ray (CXR) images from 21 cases	Patchy bilateral GGO with peribronchial and peripheral/subpleural distribution	CXR lack sensitivity than CT	Asymptomatic
Zu et al. [101]	CT	Peripherally distributed multifocal GGOs with patchy consolidations and posterior part or lower lobe involvement predilection	CT outperforms RT-PCR	------
Wang et al. [87]	366 chest CT images from 90 patients	GGO, consolidation, reticular pattern, mixed pattern, honeycomb pattern,pleura effusion, pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema	CT sensitivities increases from 84% to 99%.	------
Bernheim et al. [13]	121 Chest CT images	GGO, consolidation, affected number & degree of lobes, pulmonary nodules, pleural effusion, thoracic lymphadenopathy, airways abnormalities, axial distribution, emphysema or fibrosis, lung cavitation, linear opacities, rounded morphology, ‘reverse halo’ sign, ‘crazy-paving’ pattern and intralesional cavitation.	RT-PCR is positive even in patients with normal chest CT	------
Ai et al. [3]	chest CT images of 1014 patients	GGO, consolidation, reticulation/thickened interlobular septa, nodules and lesion distribution in left, right or bilateral lungs	RT-PCR CI of 95%, sensitivity 97%	------
Bai et al. [10]	Chest CT images of 424 patients	Peripheral distribution, GGO, fine reticular opacity, and vascular thickening Less likely features: central distribution, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy	High specificity but moderate sensitivity	Small cohort size, biased.
Caruso et al. [14]	Chest CT images of 158 patients	GGO, consolidation, multilobe involvement, bilateral distribution, pulmonary nodules, interlobular septal thickening, air bronchogram, halo sign, cavitation, bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, perilesional vessel diameter, lymphadenopathy,pleural and pericardial effusion.	Sensitivity 97%	------