Table 1. Results of variables assessed for their association with C. burnetii seropositivity in livestock using univariable mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Variable	Category	n	% Seroprevalence (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Species	Cattle	466	3.00 (1.65–4.99)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Goats	1333	15.22 (13.34–17.27)	5.28 (2.80–9.96)	< 0.01
	Sheep	928	14.22 (12.04–16.64)	5.26 (2.73–10.15)	< 0.01
Sex	Male	596	6.71 (4.84–9.03)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Female	2131	14.50 (13.03–16.07)	2.23 (1.54–3.22)	< 0.01
Age*	Calf/kid/lamb	139	2.16 (0.45–6.18)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Weaner	527	3.61 (2.18–5.57)	1.47 (0.41–5.25)	0.55
	Adult	1999	16.16 (14.57–17.85)	7.29 (2.22–23.99)	0.01
Location	Bura	564	7.27 (5.27–9.73)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Hola	2163	14.24 (12.79–15.78)	2.11 (1.12–4.99)	0.02
Land use	Pastoral	551	9.61 (7.29–12.39)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Irrigation	2176	13.60 (12.19–15.11)	1.77 (0.89–3.49)	0.10
Herd size**	≤20	620	14.35 (11.69–17.36)	1.00 (Ref.)
	21–40	419	12.89 (9.83–16.79)	0.9 (0.4–1.9)	0.78
	>40	1688	12.20 (10.68–13.86)	0.8 (0.4–1.4)	0.41

n, number of animals sampled in each category; Ref, reference category; CI, confidence interval.

* The sum in age categories was not equal to the total number (n) of animals sampled (2,727) due to missing data (0.02%).

**Herd size comprised cattle, sheep and goats.